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Difference Between GABA A and GABA B?
GABA A is a type of receptor in the brain that responds to the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). It is a ligand-gated ion channel, which means that it allows ions to flow into the cell when GABA binds to it. This activation typically results in inhibitory effects, such as decreased neural activity and relaxation of muscles.
GABA B is a type of receptor in the brain that also responds to GABA. However, it is a G protein-coupled receptor, meaning that it uses G proteins to transmit signals within the cell. This activation can lead to a variety of effects, including inhibition of neurotransmitter release, regulation of ion channels, and modulation of neuronal excitability.
GABA A receptors are made up of five subunits, typically consisting of two alpha, two beta, and one gamma subunit. These subunits come together to form a central pore that allows ions to pass through when GABA binds to them. GABA B receptors, on the other hand, are made up of two subunits (B1 and B2) that come together to form a dimer. This dimer then activates G proteins inside the cell, leading to downstream effects.
GABA A receptors are primarily involved in fast inhibitory neurotransmission, meaning that they can quickly reduce neural activity in response to GABA binding. GABA B receptors, on the other hand, are involved in slower and more complex processes, such as regulating neurotransmitter release and modulating neuronal excitability. They can also have both inhibitory and excitatory effects depending on the location and type of cell they are located on.
Yes, GABA A and GABA B receptors can interact with each other through a process called GABA cross talk. This occurs when the activation of one receptor affects the function of the other. For example, activation of GABA B receptors can enhance the inhibitory effects of GABA A receptors, leading to a stronger overall inhibitory response. This cross talk allows for more complex and coordinated regulation of neural activity in the brain.