Is the direction of a photon's momentum uncertain when emitted from an atom?

In summary, when a hydrogen atom emits a single photon, its wavefunction spreads out spherically, making it uncertain which side it will be detected on. However, the magnitude of the photon's momentum can be determined exactly through the equation p = hf/c. This means that the uncertainty in the photon's momentum is solely based on the direction of its momentum. This is known as the "needle-like radiation" described in Einstein's paper on the Photoelectric Effect.
  • #1
speeding electron
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Classically, a pulse of light emitted by an atom would be viewed as an electromagnetic wave radiating spherically symmetrically out from the atom. Quantum mechanically speaking, if say a hydrogen atom emits a single photon, does the photon's wavefunction spread out spherically, us having no idea on which side of the we will detect it? Also, am I correct in assuming that we know the magnitude of the photon's momentum exactly (p = hf/c), in which case the uncertainty in its momentum is all uncertainty about the direction of its momentum? Clarification about this situation would be great, because I haven't been able to been able to find anywhere which deals it fully.
 
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  • #2
For an atom in a spherically symmetric state the amplitude for the photon to be emitted is equal in all directions. But, when the photon is actually emitted, it only goes in one direction. In Einstein's paper on the Photoelectric Effect he wrote of "needle-like radiation".
 
  • #3
the momentum is h/lambda... the photon is considered a wave "package" and can be calculated as such...
 

1. What is photon emission by an atom?

Photon emission by an atom is the process where an atom releases energy in the form of a photon, which is a particle of light. This can occur when an electron in the atom jumps from a higher energy level to a lower energy level, emitting a photon in the process.

2. How does an atom emit photons?

An atom emits photons through a process called spontaneous emission. This occurs when an electron in the atom spontaneously drops from a higher energy level to a lower energy level, releasing a photon in the process. It can also occur through stimulated emission, where an external photon triggers the electron to drop to a lower energy level and release another photon.

3. What factors affect photon emission by an atom?

The main factors that affect photon emission by an atom include the energy levels of the electrons in the atom, the type of atom, and any external stimuli such as light or heat. The energy levels and stability of an atom's electrons determine when and how photons will be emitted.

4. How is photon emission by an atom used in everyday life?

Photon emission by an atom is used in various technologies, such as lasers, LED lights, and fluorescent lights. It is also essential for the functioning of electronic devices such as solar panels and digital cameras. In addition, photon emission plays a crucial role in processes like photosynthesis and vision.

5. Can photon emission by an atom be controlled?

Yes, photon emission by an atom can be controlled through external stimuli such as light or heat, as well as through the manipulation of an atom's energy levels. This can be achieved through techniques such as stimulated emission, which is used in laser technology, or through the use of specific materials that emit photons at a desired wavelength.

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