Manufacture of solar panel, display, lithium ion battery and PCB

[iii]

I am interesting to know about the manufactures of these products: crystalline silicon solar cells, thin-film solar modules, display screens like: Liquid Crystal Display (LCD), touch panel and plasma, thin film rechargeable lithium ion batteries, lithium ion batteries for electric car, fuel cells and printed circuit boards (PCB).
I think that the manufactures of these products involve some areas like: nanotechnology, chemistry, materials engineering, micro electronics and electro optics, but I don't know the connections of these areas and the manufacture of these products, if you know something that are related to these connections so I will glad if you can write it in this thread.
The manufacture of these products involve some process like: laser processes, vacuum coating, printing, metrology, metallization, wet chemical process and web processing.
I want to know little about these processes, if you know one or more links that have easy information about these processes so I will glad if you can write them in this thread.

Also I have a lot of questions about these issues but I don't need that you will know all the answers for all my questions but if you have any information that is related to one or more of these questions so I will glad if you can write about that in this thread.

1. To manufactures these products, it need to produce a lot of thin layers that are combined together, I am interesting to know and understand the methods to coat this materials (to produce new layer)
Some of the coating methods that I am interesting to know how these processes work are: printing coating, int-jet coating, vacuum coating, UV LED coating, and maybe there are more coating methods
What are the layers that need to build when manufacture these products? What are the materials that use in every layer? What are the goals of every layer in every product?
What is the connection between the layer Copper indium gallium selenide that do in thin film technology to photovoltaic?
How the process of etching the layers works?
When the machine does more etching than the wafer will have more defects but what will happen if the machine will do less etching than it need?
How nanotechnology can improve the lithium ion batteries to be stronger batteries? And how nanotechnology can improve the others products?
How the processes of cleaning the layers work?

2. I search after information about the automation systems and machines that are involve in the process of manufacture these products
To build these things need some automation systems and machines and I want to find the connections to know better about these automation systems and machines
What are the connections between these process to automation systems and machines?
What are the technologies in robotics and automation, control, mechanics, electronics, communication and artificial intelligent that these automation systems and machines have or what are the technologies that can improve these automation systems and machines that build these products?
What are the new challenges and the new researches in these areas about the automation systems and machines that build these products?​

 

[etudiant]

You are asking for a very large volume of information which is not easily summarized in a single reference.
There are volumes of data and references available for any of your questions, each of which references entire industries.
You might begin with the articles in Wikipedia on topics such as solid state electronics, semiconductor materials and photolithography. That should give you some areas to explore in greater depth.

 

[iii]

Hi etudiant, thank you for your 3 links in Wikipedia.
Hi to all the forum members, I really need your help so if anyone here knows something that is related to these issues so I will be glad if he can write it in this thread.

 

[suchitra sen]

Please try to pinpoint some topic of your primary interest at basic level first, preferably with specific questions. That will help initiating a discussion. It will then automatically expand. Then you can ask further questions and help building up the topic.

 

[alphy]

I am happy to provide some information about the manufacture of solar panels, displays, lithium ion batteries, and PCBs. These products involve a variety of scientific disciplines and processes, and I will try to address some of your questions and provide some resources for further reading.

1. Coating Methods:
The manufacture of solar panels, displays, and lithium ion batteries involves the use of various coating methods to create thin layers of different materials. Some common coating methods include printing coating, inkjet coating, vacuum coating, and UV LED coating. Each of these methods has its own advantages and is used for different purposes. For example, printing coating is often used for large-scale production, while inkjet coating allows for more precise control of layer thickness.

The layers that are built in these products depend on the specific type and purpose of the product. For solar panels, the layers typically include a transparent conductive layer, a semiconductor layer, and a metal contact layer. The materials used in each layer also vary, but common materials include silicon, copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS), and various metals such as silver and aluminum.

The goal of each layer is also different. For example, the transparent conductive layer in solar panels helps to collect and transport electrons, while the semiconductor layer is responsible for converting sunlight into electricity. In displays, the layers are used to control the flow of light and create the desired image on the screen.

The connection between CIGS and thin film technology in photovoltaics is that CIGS is a type of thin film solar cell that is made from a combination of copper, indium, gallium, and selenium. This material has unique properties that make it suitable for use in solar panels, including high efficiency and flexibility.

The process of etching layers involves using a chemical or physical process to selectively remove material from a surface. This process is important in the manufacture of these products because it allows for precise control of layer thickness and can help to create patterns and structures on the surface.

If the machine does less etching than necessary, it may result in incomplete layers or defects in the product. On the other hand, if the machine does more etching than necessary, it may damage the layers and reduce the overall quality of the product.

Nanotechnology plays a significant role in improving the performance of lithium ion batteries. By manipulating materials at the nanoscale, scientists can create new materials with improved properties, such as higher energy