What makes an oxidation state common?

In summary, the term "common" oxidation states refers to those that are most frequently occurring in nature, rather than those commonly used in industry or obtained through common methods and energy. However, it is important to note that the most abundant oxidation state of an element in nature may not always be the same as it was in the past due to changes in the Earth's atmosphere.
  • #1
CleffedUp
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This isn't a homework question, but seemed sufficiently low-level that it belonged in this part of the forum.

When one speaks of "common" oxidation states, what is meant by "common?" Is this simply to say the states most commonly occurring in nature? This would be opposed to most commonly used in industry, or maybe just meaning using requiring common methods and energy to obtain (as opposed to, say, Brookhaven).

"Most common in nature" would be intuitive, but as important as nomenclature is in chemistry, I'd rather ask an obvious question than make a false assumption.

Thanks for your time.
 
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  • #2
I doubt there is a precise meaning of the term. Mostly occurring in nature will do, although remember that this can be misleading. At present the most abundant oxidation state of iron on Earth is Fe(III) - but before oxygen became part of the atmosphere it was Fe(II).

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methods
 

What is an oxidation state?

An oxidation state is a measure of the degree of oxidation (loss of electrons) of an atom in a chemical compound.

Why are certain oxidation states more common than others?

The commonness of an oxidation state depends on the electronic structure of the element and its tendency to gain or lose electrons. Some elements have a more stable electronic configuration in certain oxidation states, making them more common.

What are the most common oxidation states?

The most common oxidation states for elements are determined by their group number on the periodic table. For example, elements in group 1 typically have an oxidation state of +1, while elements in group 17 have an oxidation state of -1.

How do you determine the oxidation state of an element in a compound?

The oxidation state of an element can be determined by looking at its charge or the number of electrons it has gained or lost. For neutral compounds, the sum of the oxidation states of all elements must equal zero.

Why do transition metals have multiple oxidation states?

Transition metals have partially filled d orbitals, which allows them to have multiple oxidation states. The different oxidation states are a result of different numbers of electrons being lost or gained from these orbitals.

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