Mass/Spring System Damping Constant

In summary, the conversation discusses the determination of values for \beta>0 in a spring/mass system that will result in oscillatory motion. This is based on the mass of 32 pounds stretching a spring 6 inches with a spring constant of 64 lb/ft, and the medium offering a damping force numerically equal to \beta times the instantaneous velocity. The values of \beta are found to be equal to or less than 2*\sqrt{k*m}=32, and the critical point between overdamped and underdamped situations is when \lambda^{2} - \omega^{2}=0.
  • #1
Theriot2
2
0
A mass weighing 32 pounds stretches a spring 6 inches. The spring constant is equal to 64 lb/ft.The mass moves through a medium offering a damping force that is numerically equal to [tex]\beta[/tex] times the instantaneous velocity. Determine the values of [tex]\beta[/tex]>0 for which the spring/mass system will exhibit oscillatory motion.



2*[tex]\lambda[/tex]=[tex]\frac{\beta}{m}[/tex]

[tex]\omega[/tex][tex]^{2}[/tex]=[tex]\frac{k}{m}[/tex]

[tex]\lambda[/tex][tex]^{2}[/tex] - [tex]\omega[/tex][tex]^{2}[/tex]>0 is overdamped

[tex]\lambda[/tex][tex]^{2}[/tex] - [tex]\omega[/tex][tex]^{2}[/tex]=0 is critically damped

[tex]\lambda[/tex][tex]^{2}[/tex] - [tex]\omega[/tex][tex]^{2}[/tex]<0 is underdamped

1 slug = 32 pounds

I've solved that [tex]\beta[/tex] is equal/less than/greater than 2*[tex]\sqrt{k*m}[/tex]=32, but I don't understand when it will or will not have oscillatory motion.
 
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  • #2
Underdamped --> There is an oscillatory motion
Overdamped --> No oscillatory motion (gradually goes to final position)

So the limit that separates the two is the critically damped situation.
 
  • #3
Thank you!
 

1. What is a mass/spring system damping constant?

A mass/spring system damping constant is a measure of the rate at which the system's oscillations decrease over time. It is a critical parameter in determining the behavior and stability of the system.

2. How is the damping constant calculated?

The damping constant is typically calculated by dividing the damping coefficient (a measure of the energy dissipation in the system) by the critical damping coefficient (the minimum amount of damping necessary to prevent oscillations).

3. What is the effect of a higher damping constant?

A higher damping constant leads to a quicker decrease in the amplitude of the oscillations, resulting in a system that reaches equilibrium faster. This can also result in a more stable system and reduced overshoot.

4. What happens if the damping constant is too low?

If the damping constant is too low, the system will exhibit overdamped behavior, meaning the oscillations will take a longer time to decrease and the system may not reach equilibrium. This can also lead to an increase in overshoot and instability.

5. Can the damping constant be changed?

Yes, the damping constant can be changed by adjusting the damping coefficient through the addition or removal of damping elements in the system. However, the critical damping coefficient is a fixed value for a given system and cannot be changed.

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