Clarification on Torque/Angular Momentum in Case of Accelerating Center of Mass

In summary, the textbook states that the origin for applying Eq. 11-29 can be any point if the center of mass is not accelerating, but if it is accelerating, the origin can only be at the center of mass. This is because in an accelerating frame of reference, D'Alembert's principle states that there must be a force acting on the center of mass that is equal and opposite to the net force on the body. Therefore, torque and angular momentum must be calculated with respect to the center of mass in an accelerating frame.
  • #1
breez
65
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My textbook says the following:

"If the center of mass of the system is not accelerating relative to an inertial frame, that origin can be any point. However, if the center of mass of the system is accelerating, the origin can be only at that center of mass. As an example, consider a wheel as the system of particles. If the wheel is rotating about an axis that is fixed relative to the ground, then the origin for applying Eq. 11-29 can be any point that is stationary relative to the ground. However, if the wheel is rotating about an axis that is accelerating (such as when the wheel rolls down a ramp), then the origin can be only at the wheel’s center of mass."

Can someone explain to me why we must calculate torque and angular momentum with respect to the center of mass if the center of mass is accelerating?
 
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  • #2
i think it's because, if you have a body floating around in space, far from anything, if you apply a force to that body that is not in line with the center of mass, you can model that with an equivalent force going through the center of mass and, in the accelerated frame of reference, you have that force and you have D'Alembert's principle which says, in that accelerated frame of reference, that you have to have a force acting on the center of mass, which is equal to, and opposite direction of the net force acting on the body that you see in any inertial or unaccelerated frame of reference.

i dunno, but that's what i think they're talking about in your textbook.
 
  • #3
Look closely at the assumptions and derivation of Eq. 11.29, and see why these fail in the case of an accelerating frame.
 

1. What is torque and angular momentum?

Torque is a measure of the force that causes an object to rotate around an axis. It is calculated by multiplying the force applied to an object by the distance from the axis of rotation. Angular momentum is a measure of the rotational motion of an object and is calculated by multiplying the angular velocity by the moment of inertia.

2. How is torque related to angular momentum?

Torque and angular momentum are related by the principle of conservation of angular momentum. This means that the total angular momentum of a system remains constant unless an external torque is applied. In other words, if no external torque is acting on a system, the total angular momentum will remain the same.

3. What happens to angular momentum when the center of mass is accelerating?

When the center of mass is accelerating, there is a change in the direction of the angular momentum, but the magnitude remains the same. This is because when the center of mass is accelerating, there is a net external torque acting on the system, causing a change in the angular momentum.

4. How does an object's shape affect its angular momentum?

An object's shape affects its angular momentum through its moment of inertia. The moment of inertia is a measure of an object's resistance to changes in its rotational motion. Objects with a larger moment of inertia will have a greater angular momentum for a given angular velocity.

5. How does conservation of angular momentum apply in real-life situations?

Conservation of angular momentum can be seen in various real-life situations, such as ice skaters performing spins or divers performing flips. In both cases, the total angular momentum of the system (the skater or the diver and their equipment) remains constant, but the distribution of the angular momentum changes as the individual rotates or flips.

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