Oddball question about linguistics wrt evolution of language

[tomishere]

Has anyone ever tried to establish an approx rate that languages evolve, in a similar way that genetic change was used to establish a molecular clock of sorts? (disclaimer: i know zero about linguistics) thanks someone.

 

[zoobyshoe]

I also know 0 about linguistics and assumed that they all evolve at the same rate as English. PF member Arildno, who is Norwegian, responded that this isn't true. English is about the zippiest language on earth, and other languages stay stable for much longer periods. He said the average Norwegian can pick up a saga written in the middle ages and understand it with no special training. This is not possible with Medieval English.

 

[John Creighto]

You could take an old-English word and gather statistics about its usage. It wouldn’t say anything about the whole language but might tell you something about the word. As an aside, I prefer the word drift or even evolutionary-drift, as evolution by itself implies a value preference.

 

[jim mcnamara]

Using English:

When a word or the usae of the word in a given context becomes a panchreston (the meaning of the word is too broad to convey useful information, or an already existing word has a more precise meaning) it ceases to be used.

From Graeme Diamond of OED on inclusion of new words:

“We require five pieces of printed evidence from five different sources over a period of at least five years before we even consider a word for inclusion. Once these criteria have been met (which, with dartitis, is the case) we take in a broader range of considerations, first and foremost widespread evidence of a word being used in general contexts, but also other factors such as historical importance, and so on, and prioritize on that basis"

Please note the 5 year comment.

One of the reasons is that slang usage can devolve into loss of meaning in a few years. If you recall "heavy" from the late 1960's, it became overused (loss of meaning). The use of heavy to mean profound is not all common among English speakers now. Profound worked better than heavy, so it was "selected" against.

This is a kind of selection process. A value preference.

 

[Bobbywhy]

tomishere, Welcome to Physics Forums! :) 

I think it is appropriate to describe modern languages as “continuously evolving”. And I think the “evolution” of English is today more rapid than ever before in history. This is because of the massive quantity of communications today (much of it in English) made possible by means of the electronic media. In ancient times languages were passed on only by word of mouth. Once we began to print books language remained “standardized” until those books were revised. Today we have the opportunity to bring new words into use rapidly by virtue of the vast reach of mass media communication; examples are radio, television, and the internet. Concurrently, many “old-fashioned” words become unpopular and get lost in the dustbin simply because they are not used by writers and speakers any longer.

 

[256bits]

This is not about language but music.
Since language and music are cuturally related I thought it would be pertinent if not interesting for some.
http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/...evolution-music-sound-patterns_n_1610336.html

http://darwintunes.org/

It claims that audience selection drives the evolutionary progress of music.

 

[tomishere]

I just found a paper that talks about a "lexical clock" (a la molecular clock) that i came across if anyone still interested in this http://www.cs.rice.edu/~nakhleh/Papers/UCSB09.pdf i can't figure out even after reading this if they established how fast the clock goes, its sort of too academic for me but its pretty intersting study they did

 

[Daybreaker11]

All languages "evolve" at varying rates. However English has the advantage of being the most spoken language on Earth as well as the language spoken by the worlds superpowers for hundreds of years. As the focal point of social, cultural and scientifical advancement English changes more than any other language on earth.