Macro-evolution is the process by which new species and higher taxonomic groups, such as genera, families, and orders, are formed over long periods of time through genetic changes and natural selection.
Micro-evolution refers to small-scale changes within a species, such as changes in allele frequencies, while macro-evolution refers to larger-scale changes resulting in the formation of new species and higher taxonomic groups.
There is a wealth of evidence from multiple fields of study, including genetics, paleontology, biogeography, and embryology, that supports the occurrence of macro-evolution. Fossil records, DNA sequencing, and observed patterns of species distribution all provide evidence for the gradual changes and branching of species over time.
While we cannot observe macro-evolution occurring in real time due to the lengthy time scales involved, we can observe evidence of it through the fossil record and genetic studies. We can also see examples of ongoing macro-evolution through the study of speciation events in plants and animals.
Scientists address arguments against macro-evolution by examining the evidence and conducting research to understand the mechanisms and processes involved. They also use critical thinking skills and the scientific method to evaluate claims and form evidence-based conclusions.