Damping Oscillation Homework: Time Constant & Amplitude After 4s

In summary, the conversation discusses a small earthquake causing a lamppost to vibrate and the amplitude of the vibration at different times. The question is asked about the time constant for damping and the amplitude after a specific time. The equation for a damped harmonic oscillator is mentioned and the relationship between amplitudes at different times is explained. The conversation ends with a suggestion to calculate the damping coefficient in order to find the desired values.
  • #1
hellokitty
19
0

Homework Statement


A small earthquake starts a lamppost vibrating back and forth. The amplitude of the vibration of the top of the lamppost is 6.5 cm at the moment the quake stops, and 8.0s later it is 1.8 cm.

What was the time constant for the damping of oscillation?

What's the amplitude of oscillation after 4.0s after the quake stopped?


Homework Equations



A = e^(-t/t)

The Attempt at a Solution



Professor is the worst, she went over the equation but didn't let us know what the variables stand for.

Can someone point me in the right direction? it's probably plug and play, but I won't know since I've never done it or seen it
 
Physics news on Phys.org
  • #2
If the oscillation obeys the equation of the damped harmonic oscillator (which we can assume I guess, since they don't teach fourth order partial differential equations in high school...),
Then we know that the amplitude decays exponentialy.

So say, the amplitude at time [tex]t_1[/tex] is [tex]A_1[/tex] ant the amplitude at time [tex]t_2>t_1[/tex] is [tex]A_2[/tex], then the relationship between them is:

[tex]\frac{A_2}{A_1}=e^{-\beta (t_2-t_1)}[/tex]

since you know the amplitudes, at two time values, you can calculate the [tex]\beta[/tex] damping coefficient from here, and then everything else...:D
 

What is damping oscillation?

Damping oscillation is a type of motion where an object oscillates (moves back and forth) around a central point, but its amplitude (the distance it moves from the central point) decreases over time due to the presence of a damping force.

What is the time constant in damping oscillation?

The time constant in damping oscillation is a measure of how quickly the amplitude of the oscillation decreases. It is typically denoted by the symbol τ (tau) and is equal to the ratio of the mass of the object to the damping coefficient.

How is the amplitude of damping oscillation affected after 4 seconds?

The amplitude of damping oscillation decreases over time, so after 4 seconds, it will be less than its initial value. The exact amount of decrease depends on the damping coefficient and the initial conditions of the system.

What factors can affect the time constant in damping oscillation?

The time constant in damping oscillation can be affected by the mass of the object, the damping coefficient, and the initial conditions of the system. Additionally, the type of damping (such as viscous, Coulomb, or hysteretic) can also impact the time constant.

How is damping oscillation different from simple harmonic motion?

Damping oscillation is similar to simple harmonic motion in that the object moves back and forth around a central point. However, in damping oscillation, the amplitude decreases over time due to the presence of a damping force, while in simple harmonic motion, the amplitude remains constant.

Similar threads

  • Introductory Physics Homework Help
Replies
2
Views
2K
  • Classical Physics
4
Replies
131
Views
4K
  • Advanced Physics Homework Help
Replies
8
Views
3K
  • Introductory Physics Homework Help
Replies
17
Views
361
  • Introductory Physics Homework Help
Replies
11
Views
2K
  • Advanced Physics Homework Help
Replies
4
Views
2K
  • Advanced Physics Homework Help
Replies
1
Views
2K
  • Advanced Physics Homework Help
Replies
8
Views
3K
Replies
5
Views
355
  • Introductory Physics Homework Help
Replies
15
Views
4K
Back
Top