The gravitational acceleration on the surface of Earth is approximately 9.8 meters per second squared (m/s²). This means that for every second an object falls, its velocity increases by 9.8 m/s in the downward direction.
The gravitational acceleration on Earth is relatively high compared to other celestial bodies due to its large mass. For example, the gravitational acceleration on the Moon is about 1/6th of that on Earth, while on Jupiter it is about 2.5 times stronger.
The gravitational acceleration on Earth is directly proportional to the mass of the Earth. This means that as the mass of the Earth increases, the gravitational acceleration also increases. However, the gravitational acceleration also decreases as the distance from the center of the Earth increases.
The Earth's atmosphere does not have a significant effect on gravitational acceleration. The mass of the atmosphere is relatively small compared to the mass of the Earth, so it does not greatly influence the gravitational force acting on objects on the surface.
The gravitational acceleration on Earth can vary slightly depending on location and altitude. However, these variations are very small and do not significantly impact the overall value of 9.8 m/s².