The Hall Effect is a phenomenon in physics that describes the creation of an electric field perpendicular to the flow of an electric current in a conductor when a magnetic field is applied.
The Hall Effect is used in a variety of practical applications, such as measuring magnetic fields, determining the concentration of particles in a fluid, and in electronic devices like sensors and switches.
The Hall coefficient is a measure of the strength of the Hall Effect in a particular material. It is calculated by dividing the voltage across the sample by the product of the current and the magnetic field strength.
In metals, the Hall Effect is caused by the motion of free electrons. In semiconductors, it is caused by the motion of both free electrons and positively charged "holes" in the material.
Yes, the Hall Effect can be observed in non-metallic materials such as semiconductors, insulators, and even some biological materials. It is a universal phenomenon that occurs in any material with mobile charged particles.