University Format over the centuries

In summary, teaching has evolved over the centuries, with the concept of an "academy" dating back to Plato and the term "university" originating in the middle ages. The Socratic method of dialog and questioning and lecturing also have roots in ancient times. In Oxford in the 1600s, lectures were held in large groups by professors, with individual tutoring provided by tutors. The US university system combines elements of both the "Oxbridge" model and the German research university model.
  • #1
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So does anyone know how teaching has evolved over the centuries? How Aristotle taught his students, was it like everyone gather around him as he gave a lecture in the sand making circles and such?

How about Oxford in the 1600s? What was a lecture like back then?
 
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  • #2
Woopydalan said:
So does anyone know how teaching has evolved over the centuries? How Aristotle taught his students, was it like everyone gather around him as he gave a lecture in the sand making circles and such?

How about Oxford in the 1600s? What was a lecture like back then?

Sorry, I don't go back that far. I can't talk about anything earlier than the classes I shared with Hamilton at Trinity College ...
 
  • #3
The term 'academy' dates to Plato, and the western concept of a 'university' dates back to the middle ages- 1200 or so.

In terms of lectures/teaching styles, the 'Socratic method' of dialog and questioning dates to Socrates and Plato, while 'lecturing' dates from the medieval universities.
 
  • #4
By the way, the term "university" comes from the word "universal" and was a group of colleges that banded together. The United States tends to follow the European pattern where we have a "college of arts and sciences", "college of architecture", "college of engineering", while students in all colleges may live in the same dormitories- that is, the "colleges" center on subjects, not student. Oxford, Cambridge, and English universities in general, have colleges based on living quarters with, say, Literature, Math, etc. course offered at the lecture halls of each college though upper level classes may be taken at which ever college has specialists in that field.
Although I have never attended an English university, my understanding is that lower level courses, at least, tend to large lectures by "professors" with additional individual tutoring by "tutors" who work for the university (not our, American, concept of "free lance" tutors). And upper level and graduate courses may be entirely "individual tutoring".
 
  • #5
I would only add that in the US university, undergraduate education mirrors the 'Oxbridge' model (groups of colleges, living on campus, etc.), while graduate education mirrors the German research university model.
 

1. How has the format of universities evolved over the centuries?

The format of universities has evolved significantly over the centuries. In medieval times, universities were centered around lectures and oral examinations, with students primarily learning through memorization. In the 19th century, there was a shift towards more structured curriculum and written exams. Today, universities incorporate a variety of teaching methods such as lectures, seminars, and online courses.

2. When did universities first begin to use grades and transcripts?

The use of grades and transcripts in universities can be traced back to the early 19th century. Prior to this, universities relied on oral exams and the recommendation of professors to assess student performance. However, with the growth of larger and more diverse student populations, the need for a standardized way of measuring academic achievement became necessary.

3. How have technological advancements affected university format?

Technological advancements have had a significant impact on university format. The introduction of computers, the internet, and online learning platforms have allowed for greater flexibility and access to education. Universities now offer a variety of online courses and degree programs, making education more accessible to students around the world.

4. Has the structure of universities remained the same throughout history?

No, the structure of universities has changed significantly throughout history. In medieval times, universities were primarily focused on theology, law, and medicine. Over time, new disciplines such as science, engineering, and business were incorporated into university curriculums. Additionally, the organizational structure of universities has also evolved, with the introduction of administrative departments and specialized schools within the university.

5. How have cultural and societal changes influenced university format?

Cultural and societal changes have played a significant role in shaping university format over the centuries. For example, the rise of humanism in the Renaissance period led to a greater emphasis on critical thinking and the liberal arts in university education. In recent years, there has been a push for universities to be more inclusive and diverse, leading to changes in curriculum and student support services.

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