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In http://arxiv.org/abs/1009.3094, Nickel and Son say "Hydrodynamics, therefore, is a theory of a Goldstone boson, bifundamental with respect to two gravities."
What does that mean?
What does that mean?
Physics Monkey said:As before, one has a boundary metric G, and boundary stress T, and a dual metric H. G is 4d and H is 5d. Again, introduce a bulk surface and study the bulk action as a function of boundary conditions at the boundary and the cutoff. H restricted to the cutoff surface is g, a 4d metric.
Physics Monkey said:Gravity at the boundary has the status of a background field. It just corresponds to putting the cft on a non-fluctuating curved background.
However, gravity on the cutoff surface is fluctuating, so we must sum over it in principle. In Son et al's paper they use large N to approximate this sum via saddle point.
The same thing is true for the U(1) story. The boundary gauge field is a non-fluctuating background field.
A bifundamental particle is a type of particle that is able to interact with two different types of forces or "gravities" in a physical system. It can also be referred to as a particle with two different charges or quantum numbers.
In the presence of two gravities, a bifundamental particle will experience different forces and interactions depending on the type of gravity it is interacting with. This can lead to unique behaviors and properties for the particle.
The existence of bifundamental particles has important implications in various areas of physics, such as particle physics and cosmology. It can help explain the behavior of particles in the universe and provide insights into the fundamental forces that govern the universe.
While there is no direct experimental evidence for the existence of bifundamental particles, theoretical models and calculations in physics have predicted their existence. Further research and experiments are needed to confirm their existence.
Bifundamental particles have been proposed as a possible avenue for unifying the theories of gravity and quantum mechanics, as they can interact with both types of forces. However, further research and evidence is needed to fully understand the role of bifundamental particles in unifying these theories.