Determine angular velocity - Dynamics

In summary, The bar has weight and has a torsion spring constant of 33 Nm/rad. When it is released from the horizontal position from rest, its angular velocity is determined.
  • #1
dvep
43
0

Homework Statement



Torsional spring constant k=33 Nm/rad
It is undeflected when it is in the vertical position, it weighs 6.4 kg
When the bar is released from the horizontal position from rest, determine the angular velocity [tex]\omega[/tex] as it passess the vertical position.
We can assume that it is frictionless.

The Attempt at a Solution



Am I right to say that I have to use the conservation of energy and find

T1+V1 = T2+V2 which would be my angualr velocity?

I am quite stuck on this question, I would be grateful for some guidance.
 

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  • #2
Yes, you'll need to apply conservation of energy. Hint: There are three 'types' of energy involved here. What are they? What are expressions for each?
 
  • #3
Doc Al said:
Yes, you'll need to apply conservation of energy. Hint: There are three 'types' of energy involved here. What are they? What are expressions for each?

Thank you for your reply

Elastic potential energy = 1/2kx^2
Rotational kinetic energy = 1/2Iw^2 = 1/2I(v/r)^2

Though I am unsure what the third energy is.

So,

EPE=1/2*33*(0.8/sin45)^2 = 20 J

Am I on the right track?

Sorry to be a pain, I haven't been taught this yet in class.
 
  • #4
dvep said:
Thank you for your reply

Elastic potential energy = 1/2kx^2
OK, but for a torsion spring, the displacement from equilibrium will be in radians.
Rotational kinetic energy = 1/2Iw^2 = 1/2I(v/r)^2
OK.

Though I am unsure what the third energy is.
Hint: The bar has weight.

So,

EPE=1/2*33*(0.8/sin45)^2 = 20 J
Not sure what you did here. What angle (in radians) does the initial position make with the unstretched position?
 
  • #5
doc al said:
ok, but for a torsion spring, the displacement from equilibrium will be in radians.

Oh yeah, so

EPE=1/2k[tex]\theta[/tex]^2

doc al said:
hint: The bar has weight.

I wasn't sure but I was thinking gravitational potential energy?

doc al said:
not sure what you did here. What angle (in radians) does the initial position make with the unstretched position?

EPE=1/2*33*1.571^2 J
 
  • #6
dvep said:
Oh yeah, so

EPE=1/2k[tex]\theta[/tex]^2
Right.

I wasn't sure but I was thinking gravitational potential energy?
Exactly.

EPE=1/2*33*1.571^2 J
Good.
 
  • #7
Doc Al said:
Right.


Exactly.


Good.

So,

EPE=40.723 J
GPE=50.176 J

Am I meant to add these together to get the total energy, then at the vertical position they both equal 0 and rotational kinetic energy equals the total energy, then use the rotational kinetic energy formula and rearrange to find the angualr velocity w?
 
  • #8
dvep said:
EPE=40.723 J
OK.
GPE=50.176 J
How did you calculate this? For what position? Initial or final?

Am I meant to add these together to get the total energy, then at the vertical position they both equal 0 and rotational kinetic energy equals the total energy, then use the rotational kinetic energy formula and rearrange to find the angualr velocity w?
To avoid confusion, set up your conservation equation like so:

EPE1 + GPE1 + RotKE1 = EPE2 + GPE2 + RotKE2

(Some terms will end up being zero.)
 
  • #9
Doc Al said:
How did you calculate this? For what position? Initial or final?

I thought that might be wrong

GPE1=mglcos(theta)= 6.4*9.8*0.8*cos(1.571) = 50.157 J
GPE2=mglcos(theta)= 6.4*9.8*0.8*cos(0) = 50.157 J

Is that correct, they are both the same.

Doc Al said:
To avoid confusion, set up your conservation equation like so:

EPE1 + GPE1 + RotKE1 = EPE2 + GPE2 + RotKE2

(Some terms will end up being zero.)

So what I get,

EPE1 + GPE1 + RotKE1 = EPE2 + GPE2 + RotKE2
40.723 + 50.157 + 0 = 0 + 50.157 + 40.723

RotKE2= 1/2Iw^2 = 1/2I(v/r)^2
Angular velocity = w = sqrt(2*RotKE2/mr^2) = sqrt(2*40.723/6.4*0.8^2) = 4.459 rads/s

Am I at least a little bit close?
 
  • #10
dvep said:
I thought that might be wrong

GPE1=mglcos(theta)= 6.4*9.8*0.8*cos(1.571) = 50.157 J
GPE2=mglcos(theta)= 6.4*9.8*0.8*cos(0) = 50.157 J

Is that correct, they are both the same.
No, that makes no sense. The bar rises from horizontal to vertical, so its GPE increases. Hint: Measure height from the surface. Hint 2: Consider what happens to the center of mass.
 
  • #11
Doc Al said:
No, that makes no sense. The bar rises from horizontal to vertical, so its GPE increases. Hint: Measure height from the surface. Hint 2: Consider what happens to the center of mass.

I'm still lost. What do you mean measure the height from the surface? Will the center of mass move towards the end of the bar?
 
  • #12
dvep said:
I'm still lost. What do you mean measure the height from the surface? Will the center of mass move towards the end of the bar?
When the bar goes from horizontal to vertical, what happens to its center of mass? That determines the change in gravitational PE.
 
  • #13
Doc Al said:
When the bar goes from horizontal to vertical, what happens to its center of mass? That determines the change in gravitational PE.

The GPE is 0 at the initial position and 50.157 J when vertical?
The center of mass gains translation kinetic energy?
 
  • #14
dvep said:
The GPE is 0 at the initial position
OK.
and 50.157 J when vertical?
No. How high does the center of mass rise?
The center of mass gains translation kinetic energy?
Sure, but you need not worry about that. Treat the bar as being in pure rotation about the axis, so all its kinetic energy is rotational KE about that axis.
 
  • #15
Doc Al said:
OK.

No. How high does the center of mass rise?

0.4 m?

so,

EPE1 + GPE1 + RotKE1 = EPE2 + GPE2 + RotKE2
40.723 + 0 + 0 = 0 + 25.088 + 15.635
 
  • #16
dvep said:
0.4 m?
Right.

so,

EPE1 + GPE1 + RotKE1 = EPE2 + GPE2 + RotKE2
40.723 + 0 + 0 = 0 + 25.088 + 15.635
OK, but since you are solving for RotKE2, I'd write it as:
EPE1 + GPE1 + RotKE1 = EPE2 + GPE2 + RotKE2
40.723 + 0 + 0 = 0 + 25.088 + RotKE2

Then you'd deduce that RotKE2 = 15.635

And then use RotKE = 1/2Iw^2 to find w.
 
  • #17
Doc Al said:
Right.


OK, but since you are solving for RotKE2, I'd write it as:
EPE1 + GPE1 + RotKE1 = EPE2 + GPE2 + RotKE2
40.723 + 0 + 0 = 0 + 25.088 + RotKE2

Then you'd deduce that RotKE2 = 15.635

And then use RotKE = 1/2Iw^2 to find w.

Thank you for your help.
 
  • #18
Doc Al said:
Right.

Then you'd deduce that RotKE2 = 15.635

And then use RotKE = 1/2Iw^2 to find w.

Just looked through this problem... to calculate the moment of inertia, I, do you use I = 1/3mL^2?
 
  • #19
Skittles999 said:
Just looked through this problem... to calculate the moment of inertia, I, do you use I = 1/3mL^2?
Yes.
 

1. What is angular velocity?

Angular velocity is a measure of the rate at which an object rotates or moves around a fixed point. It is usually represented by the symbol ω (omega) and is measured in radians per second (rad/s) or degrees per second (deg/s).

2. How is angular velocity calculated?

Angular velocity can be calculated by dividing the change in angle (in radians or degrees) by the change in time. The formula for angular velocity is ω = Δθ / Δt, where ω is the angular velocity, Δθ is the change in angle, and Δt is the change in time.

3. What is the difference between angular velocity and linear velocity?

Angular velocity refers to the rotation or circular movement of an object, while linear velocity refers to the straight-line movement of an object. Angular velocity is measured in terms of angle per unit time, while linear velocity is measured in terms of distance per unit time.

4. How does angular velocity affect an object's motion?

Angular velocity is a key factor in determining an object's rotational motion. It affects the speed and direction of an object's rotation, and can also impact its stability and ability to maintain its orientation. High angular velocity can lead to greater centrifugal forces and potential instability, while low angular velocity can result in slower rotation or even stasis.

5. What factors can affect an object's angular velocity?

The angular velocity of an object can be affected by various factors, including the object's mass, shape, and size, as well as external forces such as friction and torque. Additionally, changes in the object's rotational inertia or the application of a torque can also impact its angular velocity.

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