The uncertainty operator and Heisenberg

In summary, the Heisenberg uncertainty relation for two Hermitian operators A and B is derived using uncertainty operators ΔA and ΔB, defined as the difference between the operator and its expectation value. This can be seen through the variance formula, where the expectation value is implicitly multiplied by the identity operator.
  • #1
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In deriving the Heisenberg uncertainty relation for 2 general Hermitian operators A and B , the uncertainty operators ΔA and ΔB are introduced defined by ΔA=A - (expectation value of A) and similarly for B.
My question is this - how can you subtract(or add) an expectation value , which is just a number to A which is an operator ?
 
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  • #2
A number is also an operator. But you can also see it by the variance being <A.A>-<A>2, where <A.A> is a number and <A> is a number.

<(A-<A>)2>
= <A.A-2<A>A+<A>2>
= <A.A>-<2<A>A>+<<A>2>
= <A.A>-2<A><A>+<<A>2>
= <A.A>-<A>2
 
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  • #3
There's an implicit identity operator multiplying ##\langle A \rangle##.
 
  • #4
That's sloppy and indeed misleading notation. The unit operator on the states' space is not written when scaled by the expectation value.
 

1. What is the uncertainty operator?

The uncertainty operator, also known as the Heisenberg uncertainty principle, is a fundamental concept in quantum mechanics that states that it is impossible to know both the precise position and momentum of a particle at the same time.

2. How does the uncertainty operator relate to Heisenberg?

The uncertainty operator is named after Werner Heisenberg, a German physicist who first proposed the concept in 1927. Heisenberg's work on the uncertainty principle revolutionized our understanding of the behavior of particles at the subatomic level.

3. What is the mathematical expression for the uncertainty operator?

The uncertainty operator is represented by the symbol Δ, and is calculated as the square root of the product of the variances of position and momentum. In mathematical notation, it is written as ΔxΔp ≥ h/4π, where h is Planck's constant.

4. How does the uncertainty operator affect our ability to make precise measurements?

The uncertainty operator places a fundamental limit on our ability to make precise measurements in the quantum world. This is because the very act of measuring a particle's position or momentum can disturb its state, making it impossible to know both properties with certainty.

5. Is the uncertainty operator a universal concept in quantum mechanics?

Yes, the uncertainty operator is a fundamental concept in quantum mechanics that applies to all particles and systems. It is an inherent property of the quantum world and has been confirmed through numerous experiments and observations.

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