Table 1: Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] Concentrations and Health
*ng/mL** nmol/L** Health status
------- --------- -------------------------------------------------------------
<11 <27.5 Associated with vitamin D deficiency and rickets in infants and young children [5].
<10-15 <25-37.5 Generally considered inadequate for bone and overall health in healthy individuals [5,13].
=30 =75 Proposed by some as desirable for overall health and disease prevention,
although a recent government-sponsored expert panel concluded that insufficient data are
available to support these higher levels [13,14].
Consistently >200 Consistently >500 Considered potentially toxic, leading to hypercalcemia and
hyperphosphatemia, although human data are limited. In an animal model,
concentrations =400 ng/mL (=1,000 nmol/L) demonstrated no toxicity [15,16].
Citations:
[5]
Institute of Medicine, Food and Nutrition Board.
Dietary Reference Intakes: Calcium, Phosphorus, Magnesium, Vitamin D, and Fluoride. Washington, DC:
National Academy Press, 1997.
[13]
Scientific Advisory Committee on Nutrition.
Update on Vitamin D. Position Statement by the Scientific Advisory Committee
on Nutrition. London: The Stationery Office, Limited, 2007.
[14]
Holick MF. Vitamin D. In: Shils ME, Shike M, Ross AC, Caballero B, Cousins RJ, eds.
Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease, 10th ed.
Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2006.
[15]
Jones G. The pharmacokinetics of vitamin D toxicity.
Am J Clin Nutr. In press
[16]
Shepard RM, DeLuca HF. Plasma concentrations of vitamin D3 and its metabolites in the
rat as influenced by vitamin D3 or 245-hydroxyvitamin D3 intakes.
Arch Biochem Biophys 1980;202:43-53.JorgeLobo said:
JorgeLobo said:
adrenaline said:
mariajones said:
Vitamin D deficiency occurs when there is not enough of the vitamin in the body. This can happen due to inadequate intake of Vitamin D through food or supplements, lack of exposure to sunlight, or certain medical conditions that affect the body's ability to absorb or store Vitamin D.
Some common symptoms of Vitamin D deficiency include fatigue, muscle weakness, bone pain, mood changes, and frequent infections. In severe cases, it can also lead to conditions like rickets in children and osteomalacia in adults.
Vitamin D deficiency is diagnosed through a blood test that measures the levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D in the body. Levels below 20 ng/mL are considered deficient, while levels between 20-29 ng/mL are considered insufficient. Your doctor may also consider your diet, lifestyle, and medical history when making a diagnosis.
People who have limited sun exposure, follow a vegan or vegetarian diet, have darker skin, are obese, or have certain medical conditions like celiac disease or Crohn's disease are at a higher risk of Vitamin D deficiency. Infants who are exclusively breastfed can also be at risk if their mother has Vitamin D deficiency.
Treatment for Vitamin D deficiency typically involves taking Vitamin D supplements to increase the levels in the body. Your doctor may also recommend increasing your sun exposure or including more Vitamin D-rich foods in your diet. To prevent deficiency, it is important to have a balanced diet, get regular sun exposure, and consult with a doctor if you have any underlying medical conditions that may affect your Vitamin D levels.