Confusion: Van de Graaff generator

In summary, a van de Graaff is a machine that uses a small conducting sphere with charge q inside a larger shell with charge Q. The charge q moves to the outer conductor through a conducting path, as the charge on a conductor always moves to its outer surface. However, in an actual machine, a hole must be punched in the outer sphere to bring the charge inside, which may cause confusion in understanding the concept. Additionally, the potential of the outer shell should cause charge to flow off onto the belt, but the small size of the hole makes its influence negligible.
  • #1
conquerer7
26
0
My physics book explains a van de Graaff in this way:

A small conducting sphere of radius a and carrying charge q is located inside a larger shell of radius b that carries charge Q. A conducting path is momentarily established between the two conductors, and the charge q then moves entirely to the outer conductor, because the charge on a conductor always moves to its outer surface.

But in any actual machine, you'd have to punch a hole in the outer sphere to bring the charge inside; wouldn't that merge the inner and outer surfaces? You can't even apply Gauss' Law like usual because the Gaussian surface would have to pass through the hole, and there'd be a nonzero field there.

Am I just completely misunderstanding it?

Edit: In addition, since the potential of the outer shell is so big (and should be uniform throughout), why doesn't charge flow off it onto the belt?
 
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  • #2
The hole is small enough that its influence is negligible.
 

1. What is a Van de Graaff generator?

A Van de Graaff generator is a device that is used to create high voltages of electricity. It consists of a hollow metal sphere or dome, a belt made of rubber or silk, and a motor to create friction. It was invented by American physicist Robert J. Van de Graaff in the 1920s.

2. How does a Van de Graaff generator work?

The Van de Graaff generator works by using a motor to turn a belt made of rubber or silk. The belt rubs against two rollers, one of which is made of metal. As the belt moves, it creates a build-up of static electricity on the metal roller, which is then transferred to the metal sphere or dome. This creates a high voltage difference between the sphere and the ground.

3. What is the purpose of a Van de Graaff generator?

The main purpose of a Van de Graaff generator is to demonstrate and study the effects of high voltage electricity. It is commonly used in physics experiments and demonstrations to show how electricity behaves and how it can be manipulated. It is also used in particle accelerators and other scientific research applications.

4. Is it safe to use a Van de Graaff generator?

When used properly, a Van de Graaff generator is safe to use. However, it is important to follow safety precautions, such as wearing protective gear and using the generator in a well-ventilated area. The high voltages produced by the generator can be dangerous if mishandled, so it is important to use caution and follow instructions carefully.

5. What are some common misconceptions about Van de Graaff generators?

One common misconception about Van de Graaff generators is that they create static electricity. In reality, they do not create static electricity, but rather they transfer it from one object to another. Another misconception is that Van de Graaff generators are only used for educational purposes. They are actually used in many scientific research applications, including particle accelerators and electrostatic motors.

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