The force that keeps subatomic particles of an atom together is known as the strong nuclear force. It is one of the four fundamental forces of nature and is responsible for binding quarks together to form protons and neutrons, as well as binding protons and neutrons together to form the nucleus of an atom.
The strong nuclear force works by exchanging particles called gluons between quarks. These gluons carry the force between quarks, keeping them bound together. This force is incredibly strong, but it only operates over very short distances, which is why it is only observed within the nucleus of an atom.
The strong nuclear force is important because it is what holds the nucleus of an atom together. Without this force, the positively charged protons within the nucleus would repel each other and the atom would fall apart. This force is also responsible for the energy released in nuclear reactions.
The strong nuclear force is the strongest of the four fundamental forces, but it has a very short range compared to the other forces. It is approximately 10^38 times stronger than the force of gravity, but it only operates over distances of about 10^-15 meters.
Yes, the strong nuclear force can be overcome by an external force, such as that of a nuclear reaction. When a nucleus is bombarded with enough energy, it can break apart and release the strong nuclear force holding it together. This is how nuclear fission and fusion reactions occur.