Calculating Uncertainty of g in Propagation of Error

In summary, the conversation discusses how to calculate the uncertainty of g, the damping time, in a damped harmonic oscillation lab. The uncertainty of A, amplitude, and t, time, are known for each measurement. Methods for determining the effect of uncertainty in A and t on y, the plot equation, are discussed, and a proposed solution for calculating the uncertainty of g is presented.
  • #1
smithg86
59
0

Homework Statement



this is regarding propagation of error for a lab i did:

we measured the amplitude of a damped harmonic oscillation over a time period, taking amplitude measurements every 1 second for 14 seconds. when graphed (by excel), the plot has the form of y = Ae^(-gt), where A is the amplitude, t is time and 1/g = the damping time.

how would the uncertainty of g be calculated, if the uncertainties of A and t are known for each measurement?


Homework Equations



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The Attempt at a Solution



i have no idea how to do this.
 
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  • #2
The effect of an uncertainity in A is simple, if you double A what effect does this have on y ? Similairly if A changed by 10% what effect would this have on y?

T is a bit more complicated but you can always do this experimentally if you can't do the maths.
Calculate y for some value of t, now change t by a small amount and see how y changes.
Do this for a few values and you will see if the change in y is proportional to change in t or some other function.
 
  • #3
mgb_phys said:
The effect of an uncertainity in A is simple, if you double A what effect does this have on y ? Similairly if A changed by 10% what effect would this have on y?

T is a bit more complicated but you can always do this experimentally if you can't do the maths.
Calculate y for some value of t, now change t by a small amount and see how y changes.
Do this for a few values and you will see if the change in y is proportional to change in t or some other function.

This is what I did. Tell me if I’m wrong:

Let:
y(A,t) = Ae^(-gt)
uncertainty of A = dt
uncertainty of t = dt
uncertainty of y = dt

then:
dy = {[dy1)^2 + [dy2]^2}^(1/2)

such that:
dy1 = y(A + dA, t) – y(A, t)
dy2 = y(A, t + dt) – y(A,t)

dy1 = dA e^(-gt)

dy2 = Ae^(-g(t+dt)) – Ae^(-gt)
= Ae^(-gt-gdt) – Ae^(-gt)
dy2 = Ae^(-gt) [e^(-gdt) – 1]

dy = e^(-gt) * {(dA)^2 + A^2 (e^(-gdt) – 1)^2}^(1/2)

so:
dy = e^(-gt) * {(dA)^2 + A^2 (e^(-2gdt) – 2e^(-gdt) + 1)}^(1/2)
 

1. What is the purpose of calculating uncertainties in the propagation of error for g?

The purpose of calculating uncertainties in the propagation of error for g is to determine the level of confidence we can have in our measurement of the acceleration due to gravity. By taking into account the uncertainties in all the variables involved in the calculation, we can better understand the range of possible values for g and the likelihood of obtaining a particular result.

2. How is uncertainty related to precision and accuracy?

Uncertainty is related to precision and accuracy in that it measures the potential for error in a measurement. Precision refers to the level of consistency and reproducibility in obtaining a particular result, while accuracy refers to how close that result is to the true value. Uncertainty takes into account both precision and accuracy, and reflects the range of possible values that a measurement may fall within.

3. What factors contribute to the uncertainty in the calculation of g?

There are several factors that can contribute to the uncertainty in the calculation of g, including the precision and accuracy of the measurement tools used, the variability of the measured values, and the potential for systematic errors. Additionally, uncertainties in other variables involved in the calculation, such as mass and distance, can also contribute to the overall uncertainty in the final value of g.

4. How is uncertainty in g typically expressed?

Uncertainty in g is typically expressed as a range of values, with the lower and upper bounds representing the minimum and maximum possible values for g. This range can also be expressed as a percentage or fractional uncertainty, representing the relative magnitude of the uncertainty compared to the measured value of g.

5. How can we minimize uncertainty in the calculation of g?

There are several ways to minimize uncertainty in the calculation of g, including using more precise and accurate measurement tools, taking multiple measurements and averaging the results, and identifying and reducing sources of systematic error. Additionally, careful experimental design and data analysis can also help to minimize uncertainty and improve the accuracy of the calculated value for g.

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