Modified Newtonian Dynamics

In summary, the conversation discusses modifying Newton's 2nd law for low rates of acceleration, specifically for "small" values of a<vector>. The component equations of motion for this case are determined in polar coordinates, showing that angular momentum is conserved. The gravitational and centripetal forces are mentioned, as well as the calculation of r<double dot> in polar coordinates and the derivative of angular momentum. The properties of force and the cross product are also discussed in relation to proving the derivative of angular momentum is zero.
  • #1
airbauer33
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0

Homework Statement



For very low rates of acceleration, Newton's 2nd law has to be modified where F<vector>=m*f(a/a0)*a<vector>. For "small" values of a<vector>, f(a/a0) = a/a0.
Determine the component equations of motion for the case of f(a/a0) = a/a0 in polar coordinates (don't try to solve the radial equation!). Show that the angular momentum is conserved.

Homework Equations



F<vector> = m*f(a/a0)*r<double dot>

The Attempt at a Solution



Since we are dealing with orbits, I am assuming the the two forces are the gravitational and centripetal forces (or are they the same thing). I also can determine r<double dot> in polar coordinates.
 
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  • #2
Angular momentum is m*r(t)xv(t). (x is cross product). What's the derivative of angular momentum? What properties of the force and the cross product can help you prove this derivative is zero?
 

1. What is Modified Newtonian Dynamics (MOND)?

Modified Newtonian Dynamics (MOND) is a theory proposed by physicist Mordehai Milgrom in the 1980s that suggests modifying Newton's laws of motion to explain the observed discrepancies in the rotation curves of galaxies without the need for dark matter.

2. How does MOND differ from Newton's laws of motion?

MOND proposes that for extremely low accelerations, below a certain threshold, the force of gravity is stronger than predicted by Newton's laws. This modification allows for the observed velocities of stars in galaxies to be explained without the need for dark matter.

3. Has MOND been proven to be a valid theory?

While MOND has had some success in explaining the rotation curves of galaxies, it is not widely accepted as a valid theory. It has not been able to fully explain all observations and is still considered to be a controversial alternative to the widely accepted theory of dark matter.

4. What are some current challenges to MOND?

One of the main challenges to MOND is its inability to explain the large-scale structure of the universe, such as the distribution of galaxies. It also struggles to explain the gravitational lensing observed in galaxy clusters. Additionally, there is no known mechanism for how MOND would work on a fundamental level.

5. How does MOND impact our understanding of the universe?

If MOND were to be proven as a valid theory, it would have significant implications for our understanding of the universe. It would challenge the current understanding of the role of dark matter in shaping the structure of the universe and could potentially lead to a new understanding of gravity on a fundamental level.

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