Is earth doing work on the moon?

In summary, the definition of work is the object must move in the same direction as the force, represented by W=Fd. Based on this, the Earth does not do work on the moon due to its circular orbit. However, the moon does cause tides on Earth, which results in a loss of energy and a slower rotation for the Earth. This means that, in order to conserve momentum, the moon is moving farther away from Earth, which can be considered as work being done.
  • #1
Checkfate
149
0
The definition of work states that the object must move in the same direction as the force. W=Fd. I am contemplating whether or not the Earth is doing "work" on the moon. My answer would be no, because no energy is being transferred, and the moon stays at around the same height (we are assuming a perfectly circular orbit). But... then I think that the moon IS constantly falling towards the earth, but it keeps missing it due to it's velocity... I am confused. lol, thanks.
 
Physics news on Phys.org
  • #2
The definition of work is W = F.d, where the '.' refers to the scalar product (or dor product) - http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/vsca2.html#vsc4 .

So, assuming a circular orbit for the moon, in which it moves with the same linear velocity, the Earth does no work on the moon.

From the conservation of energy, the potential and kinetic energies are constant at all times, and thus we arrive at the same conclusion.
 
  • #3
thanks neutrino
 
  • #4
In a simplified way neutrino's answer is correct. But we must remember that the moon causes tides on Earth (and the Earth on the moon). Since the Earth turns, the tides cause friction in the bottom of the ocean. This causes a loss of energy. The Earth's rotation is becoming slower. In order to conserve momentum, the moon is getting farther from earth.
Since there is loss of energy, there is work being done.
 

1. What is the definition of work in a scientific context?

In a scientific context, work is defined as the transfer of energy from one object to another by applying a force over a distance.

2. Is the Earth exerting a force on the moon?

Yes, the Earth exerts a gravitational force on the moon, causing it to orbit around the Earth.

3. Is the moon doing work as it orbits around the Earth?

No, the moon is not doing work as it orbits around the Earth. Work requires a displacement of an object in the direction of the applied force, and the moon's orbit is a circular motion, not a displacement in a straight line.

4. Can the Earth do work on the moon if it causes the moon to change its orbit?

Yes, if the Earth were to exert a force on the moon that causes it to change its orbit, then the Earth would be doing work on the moon. This would involve a displacement of the moon in the direction of the applied force.

5. How does the Earth's gravitational pull affect the moon's orbit?

The Earth's gravitational pull is what keeps the moon in its orbit around the Earth. The strength of this gravitational force depends on the mass of the two objects and the distance between them. The moon's orbit is also affected by other gravitational forces, such as those from the sun and other planets.

Similar threads

  • Introductory Physics Homework Help
Replies
5
Views
1K
  • Introductory Physics Homework Help
Replies
12
Views
1K
  • Introductory Physics Homework Help
Replies
10
Views
1K
  • Introductory Physics Homework Help
Replies
15
Views
985
  • Introductory Physics Homework Help
Replies
16
Views
1K
Replies
4
Views
735
  • Introductory Physics Homework Help
Replies
4
Views
2K
  • Introductory Physics Homework Help
Replies
17
Views
2K
  • Introductory Physics Homework Help
Replies
6
Views
2K
  • Introductory Physics Homework Help
Replies
5
Views
585
Back
Top