Pressure drop across orifice , calculation help

In summary, the conversation discusses the calculation of pressure drop and mass flow rate of a fluid flowing through a pipe using an orifice plate and a differential manometer. The equations used include the pressure difference formula, the equation for volumetric flow rate, and the Reynolds number formula. The calculated pressure drop is 12485.2 pa and the volumetric flow rate is 9.50 x 10^-3. However, there is a discrepancy with the correct answer for the mass flow rate, which should be 8.39 kg s^-1 but is calculated to be 8.17 kg s^-1. The speaker is unsure of where they went wrong and is seeking help.
  • #1
tweety1234
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Homework Statement



A fluid of relative density 0.86 and viscosity 0.003 pa flows through a pipe of 12cm diameter. The flow rate is measured using an orifice plate with a 6cm diameter orifice, with pressure tapping connected to a differential U-tube manometer using mercury (density = 13600 kg m^{-3} ) as the manometer fluid. The coefficient of discharge of the orifice meter is 0.62. The difference in mercury levels in the manometer is 100mm. Calculate the pressure drop across the orifice plate and the mass flow rate of the fluid. Then calculate the Reynolds number Number based on the orifice diameter.

equations needed ;

[tex] \bigtriangleup P = (\rho_{F} - \rho) g \bigtriangleup h [/tex]

[tex] Q = \displaystyle C_{D} A_{0} \sqrt{\frac{2(p_{1}-p_{2})}{\rho (1-\frac{A_{0}}{A_{1}}^{2})} [/tex]

[tex] Re = \frac{4M}{\pi D \mu} [/tex]

mass flow rate [tex] Q \rho = m [/tex]

[tex] A_{0} = 0.01131 m^{2} [/tex]

[tex] A_{1} = 2.827 m^{2} [/tex]

pressure drop = [tex] \bigtriangleup P = (\rho_{F} - \rho) g \bigtriangleup h [/tex]

= (13600-860)9.8 x 0.1 = 12485.2 pa

The correct answer is 125000, I think they may have rounded up ?

2) Volumetric flow rate = [tex] (0.62)(0.01131) \sqrt{\frac{(2\times12485.2)}{13600 ( 1-\frac{0.01131}{2.827}^{2})} = 9.50 \times 10^{-3} [/tex]

mass flow rate = [tex] (9.50 \times 10^{-3}) \times 860 = 8.17 [/tex]the correct answer is [tex] 8.39 kg s^{-1} [/tex]

I can't see where I am going wrong, and help appreciated.
 
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  • #2
Anyone know?
 

1. How do you calculate pressure drop across an orifice?

To calculate the pressure drop across an orifice, you will need to know the orifice diameter, fluid density, fluid velocity, and the coefficient of discharge. You can use the Bernoulli's equation or the flow resistance equation to calculate the pressure drop.

2. What is the coefficient of discharge for an orifice?

The coefficient of discharge is a dimensionless parameter that represents the efficiency of an orifice in converting the potential energy of a fluid into kinetic energy. It is typically between 0.6 to 0.8 for a sharp-edged orifice and can be affected by factors such as fluid viscosity, pipe roughness, and orifice shape.

3. How does the orifice diameter affect the pressure drop?

The orifice diameter has a direct impact on the pressure drop across an orifice. A larger orifice diameter will result in a lower pressure drop, as there is more area for the fluid to pass through, reducing its velocity and kinetic energy.

4. Can pressure drop across an orifice be reversed?

Yes, the pressure drop across an orifice can be reversed if the flow direction is reversed. However, this can only happen if the orifice is specifically designed for bi-directional flow.

5. What are some common sources of error in pressure drop calculations for orifices?

Some common sources of error in pressure drop calculations for orifices include inaccurate measurement of fluid properties, incorrect assumptions about fluid behavior, neglecting frictional losses, and not accounting for the effects of temperature and pressure changes.

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