While space is often thought of as a vacuum, it is not completely empty. There are still particles and radiation present, though in very small amounts. These particles and radiation can still transfer heat, making space feel cold.
The temperature of space can vary depending on location and other factors, but on average it is around -455 degrees Fahrenheit (-270 degrees Celsius). However, in areas with dense gas and dust, the temperature can be much higher.
In the absence of air, there is no medium for heat to transfer through convection. This means that objects in space cannot rely on air to keep them warm, and can quickly lose heat through radiation.
While there may not be air to transfer heat, astronauts are still surrounded by objects and surfaces that are at a much lower temperature than their bodies. This causes their body heat to dissipate quickly, making them feel cold.
Yes, the temperature of space does have an impact on the Earth's climate. The Earth receives heat from the sun, but it also radiates heat back out into space. If the temperature of space were to change significantly, it would affect the Earth's ability to retain heat and could potentially alter its climate.