GABA(A) Receptors: Hyperpolarization & Depolarization

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In summary, hyperpolarization of cells leads to a depolarization towards the threshold due to the inactivation of voltage gated Na+ channels being turned off. This is a result of the opening and closing of these channels being determined by probability and can occur when the cell is in a resting state or after hyperpolarization has occurred.
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garytse86
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In the lecture handout it says "When cells are hyperpolarised the result is a depolarisation towards threshold." What does this mean?:confused:
 
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  • #2
Not quite sure, can you give us some more context from your notes - where do the GABA receptors fit in?
 
  • #3
garytse86 said:
In the lecture handout it says "When cells are hyperpolarised the result is a depolarisation towards threshold." What does this mean?:confused:


A voltage gated Na+ channel will transiently open upon depolarization and a rush of Na+ will come into the cell. The channel will then inactivate via the ball and and chain mechanism, (basically the channel is plugged is its in the open conformation but plugged up so no ions can flow through.) In order for the inactivation to go away there must be a decrease in voltage or hyperpolarization. So it turns that channel opening and closing is basically a probability game. At the resting membrane potential some of the Na channels have the inactivation turned on, however upon hyperpolarization these channels will have the inactivation turned off. Now when you put the cell back to the resting potential some of the channels will open and Na will rush in.
 

What are GABA(A) receptors and how do they function?

GABA(A) receptors are a type of neurotransmitter receptor found in the brain. They are responsible for receiving and responding to the neurotransmitter GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid). When GABA binds to these receptors, it can either cause hyperpolarization (inhibitory effect) or depolarization (excitatory effect) of the neuron.

What is hyperpolarization and how does it affect the brain?

Hyperpolarization is a process in which the membrane potential of a neuron becomes more negative, making it less likely to fire an action potential. This has an inhibitory effect on the brain, reducing the activity of neurons and promoting relaxation and calmness.

How does depolarization influence brain activity?

Depolarization is the process of making the membrane potential of a neuron more positive, increasing the likelihood of firing an action potential. This has an excitatory effect on the brain, promoting alertness and arousal.

What factors can affect the balance between hyperpolarization and depolarization in GABA(A) receptors?

The balance between hyperpolarization and depolarization in GABA(A) receptors can be influenced by a variety of factors, including the amount of GABA present, the number of GABA(A) receptors, and the activity of other neurotransmitters. Drugs and medications can also impact this balance.

What are some potential medical uses for targeting GABA(A) receptors?

Targeting GABA(A) receptors has been found to be effective in treating a variety of conditions such as anxiety, insomnia, and epilepsy. Understanding the mechanisms of these receptors can also lead to the development of new medications for these and other disorders.

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