Least Empirical DFT Calculations for Diatomic Dissociations

In summary: DFT calculations are by default ab initio. However, it is impossible to know exact electron-exchange function(Thus DFT can not be entirely without empirical functions). Many approximation exists and you have to find the one that suits you best. Usually the latest ones are more accurate. e.g. LDA, LSDA, GGA etc.
  • #1
Morberticus
85
0
A somewhat strange request. I have come across this paper:

http://jcp.aip.org/resource/1/jcpsa6/v98/i7/p5648_s1

It lists hybrid DFT results for dissociation calculations. I am looking for DFT calculations that are not as phenomenological, but can't seem to find any in the literature. Are there DFT calculations out there with less empirical functionals/less fitting to experiment? Or should I just fire up my own DFT calculations with, say Turbomole to acquire "dumb" DFT results?
 
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  • #2
DFT calculations are by default ab initio. However, it is impossible to know exact electron-exchange function(Thus DFT can not be entirely without empirical functions). Many approximation exists and you have to find the one that suits you best. Usually the latest ones are more accurate. e.g. LDA, LSDA, GGA etc.
 
  • #3
Thanks for the info,

I think I remember the LDA approximation. Would I be right in assuming all of these approximations more or less assume some level of uniformity in electron distribution, and would therefore all be unsuitable for diatomic molecules?

* By unsuitable, I mean poor compared to, say CCSDT, when it comes to dissociation.
 
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  • #4
Yes, DFT won't describe well e.g. van der Waals forces between the separating atoms.
 
  • #5
There are some functionals which are truly first principles (e.g., LDA, PBE, TPSS). Other functionals are more empirical, or not really functionals at all (e.g., LYP itself, B3LYP, the full Minnesota set, everything containing Hartree-Fock exchange). Could we ask what you are looking for? I guess if you actually intent to calculate diatomic dissociations, CCSD(T) or higher coupled-cluster methods (for the around-equilibrium region and the dissociated atoms) or MRCI (for the dissociation process itself or for excited states) would be more suitable than any DFT, empirical or not.
 
  • #6
cgk said:
There are some functionals which are truly first principles (e.g., LDA, PBE, TPSS). Other functionals are more empirical, or not really functionals at all (e.g., LYP itself, B3LYP, the full Minnesota set, everything containing Hartree-Fock exchange). Could we ask what you are looking for? I guess if you actually intent to calculate diatomic dissociations, CCSD(T) or higher coupled-cluster methods (for the around-equilibrium region and the dissociated atoms) or MRCI (for the dissociation process itself or for excited states) would be more suitable than any DFT, empirical or not.

Hi,

It's literally a couple of lines I'm looking for, regarding a report I'm writing. The trouble is every paper I come across simply says "It is well known that LDA et al are poor for dissociation", without any explicit reference to a study (presumably because the poor quality of LDA/GGA for such problems is textbook at this stage, like F=ma). What I am looking for specifically is a set of LDA/GGA calculations for diatomic dissociation (I.e. C2 N2 O2 etc.). I could do them myself with TURBOMOLE, but I guess that's not kosher if they have been previously published.
 
  • #8
Morberticus said:
It's literally a couple of lines I'm looking for, regarding a report I'm writing. The trouble is every paper I come across simply says "It is well known that LDA et al are poor for dissociation", without any explicit reference to a study (presumably because the poor quality of LDA/GGA for such problems is textbook at this stage, like F=ma). What I am looking for specifically is a set of LDA/GGA calculations for diatomic dissociation (I.e. C2 N2 O2 etc.). I could do them myself with TURBOMOLE, but I guess that's not kosher if they have been previously published.

Oh, I see. Well, doing them yourself would be fine, in my opinion. The problem here is, however, not the functionals, but the fact that "real DFT" (i.e., Kohn-Sham with semi-local functionals) is for all practical purposes a slightly hacked up Hartree-Fock. The HF exchange is replaced by the approximate DFT exchange-correlation, but the truth is that this does not do anything regarding the principal limitations of a single-determinant descriptions of the wave function. With the practical approximations made, KS still requires a single-determinant description of the full system to be somewhat reasonable.

A semi-local functional will thus never be able to dissociate a real molecule, simply because the process requires more than one determinant for a qualitatively correct description (e.g., to dissociate singlet H2 in a continuous, non-symmetry broken process process, the dissociated end result must be two entangled H atoms which are coupled in an open-shell singlet form, and this requires two determinants).

In short: This problem is inherited from Hartree-Fock, and Kohn-Sham-DFT is not different enough from it to make a difference (at least not with "functionals" which do not involve actually calculating a correlated wave function in order to determine the "functional" values).
 
  • #9
Me again with another silly question (I just can't seem to get the hang of Web of Knowledge)

The last set I need are dissociation calculations using Moller Plesset (Specifically MP2). I realize these also have problems associated with single reference methods (for reasons cgk outlined previously). These calculations seem to be even more elusive.
 
  • #10
Morberticus said:
Me again with another silly question (I just can't seem to get the hang of Web of Knowledge)
I can't either :]. You might want to try scholar.google.com . In my opinion, this works much better (it only has some issues with very old papers, for which it does not always get the cross-citations right).
The last set I need are dissociation calculations using Moller Plesset (Specifically MP2). I realize these also have problems associated with single reference methods (for reasons cgk outlined previously). These calculations seem to be even more elusive.
Well, due to the single-reference issue, you will likely only find MP2 calculations of actual dissociation curves in papers which propose some different method---in order to show how MP2 explodes. If you have access to Turbomole (or some other QC program), there is nothing wrong with just making a curve youself and show that it does not work. It is very well known that these problems exist and no one will challenge you if you do not cite an explicit MP2 calculation which has been done before on some system (or if you like, just cite the purple book[1] on problems of single-reference methods).

[1] Helgaker, Joergensen, Olsen - Molecular electronic structure theory

Note, however, that there are still some dissociation-related things that can be done with MP2 (or other single-reference methods): You can calculate
- the entire potential energy surface for weakly bound complexes (i.e., systems involving only non-covalent bonding),
- the potential energy surface around the equilibrium (i.e., where the molecule is still single-referency) for covalently bonded molecules
- the individual atoms (They are usually fine with high-spin references).

With the equilibrium PES and the individual atoms, you can calculate dissociation energies/atomization energies. But not the dissociation process itself. If you are interested in atomization energies (i.e., just the end results of the dissociation process), these often are used in the benchmarking of electronic structure methods. For example, in http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2889388 , atomization energies are used to test explicitly correlated open-shell MP2. But if you just look for papers citing the G2/97 paper or similar things, you will find many of them.
 

1. What is the purpose of using Least Empirical DFT calculations for diatomic dissociations?

The purpose of using Least Empirical DFT calculations for diatomic dissociations is to accurately predict the dissociation energies and geometries of diatomic molecules. This method combines the benefits of both empirical and theoretical calculations, making it a more efficient and reliable approach.

2. How does Least Empirical DFT differ from other DFT methods?

Least Empirical DFT differs from other DFT methods in that it uses a combination of empirical parameters and density functional theory to calculate the properties of diatomic molecules. This allows for a more accurate prediction of the molecular properties compared to purely theoretical or purely empirical methods.

3. What are the advantages of using Least Empirical DFT for diatomic dissociations?

The main advantage of using Least Empirical DFT for diatomic dissociations is its accuracy. This method takes into account the electronic structure of the molecules, as well as any experimental data or empirical parameters, resulting in more reliable predictions of dissociation energies and geometries. It is also a relatively fast and efficient method compared to other DFT approaches.

4. Can Least Empirical DFT be applied to other types of molecules?

While Least Empirical DFT is specifically designed for diatomic molecules, it can also be applied to larger molecules with some modifications. However, its accuracy may decrease for larger and more complex molecules, as it is primarily developed for diatomic systems.

5. What are the limitations of Least Empirical DFT calculations?

One limitation of Least Empirical DFT calculations is that it may not accurately predict the properties of molecules with very strong or weak bonds. Additionally, the accuracy of the method may also be affected by the choice of empirical parameters and the quality of the initial data used. It is important to carefully select and validate these parameters for reliable results.

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