What is the difference between coasting and static cosmology?

In summary: Regards, Noel.I guess I just have no interest in examining such exotic cosmologies in detail until they can demonstrate that they predict the power spectrum... which they still haven't.
  • #1
Lino
309
4
Is the key difference between coasting and static cosmology models the presence of a linear acceleration, or are there other major differences?

Regards,

Noel.
 
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  • #2
Lino said:
Is the key difference between coasting and static cosmology models the presence of a linear acceleration, or are there other major differences?

Regards,

Noel.

The static universe (as in Einstein's original model) is one which is not expanding at all.

As gravitational forces from objects in the universe would cause it to contract there has to be another force counteracting these, a dark energy. Einstein found that the cosmological constant could provide such a force and included it in his model. However it was soon shown that the model is unstable, and the slightest perturbation, a tendency to expansion or contraction, would grow into full blown expansion or contraction. Hubble's observations soon proved that the universe is in fact expanding.

The coasting model expands linearly, with no deceleration or acceleration.

This would happen in an empty universe (the original Milne model) with no gravitational fields , or if not empty (obviously as in the real universe) something would have to counteract the gravity forces.

A dark energy with an equation of state [itex] \rho = -\frac{1}{3}p[/itex] would achieve this (Kolb's model A coasting cosmology ).

Or, if anti-matter repels matter gravitationally then the universe could be split up into regions of matter and anti-matter with overall gravitational forces cancelling would also achieve this. (The Dirac-Milne universe)

Garth
 
  • #3
Thanks Garth. Guess I'll have to keep reading.

Regards,

Noel.
 
  • #4
Garth said:
A dark energy with an equation of state [itex] \rho = -\frac{1}{3}p[/itex] would achieve this (Kolb's model A coasting cosmology ).
Note that this wouldn't counteract the gravity of matter. Rather, it limits to a coasting cosmology at late times. It only becomes coasting when nearly all of the energy density of the universe is of this kind of stuff. So there's really too much matter in our universe for this model to work.
 
  • #5
Thanks Chalnoth. Could you recommend any search words or links that are critical of a coasting cosmology (everything I read seems to be very positive)?

Regards,

Noel.
 
  • #6
Chalnoth said:
Note that this wouldn't counteract the gravity of matter. Rather, it limits to a coasting cosmology at late times. It only becomes coasting when nearly all of the energy density of the universe is of this kind of stuff. So there's really too much matter in our universe for this model to work.

Yes, I was keeping it perhaps a little too brief.

The coasting model with matter requires dark energy such that the total equation of state is [itex] \rho_T = -\frac{1}{3}p_T[/itex].

If the dark energy itself had an eos of [itex] \rho = -p[/itex], as with the cosmological constant, then [itex] \rho_\Lambda = \frac{1}{3}\rho_M[/itex].

Such an eos is suggested in Self Creation Cosmology (page722)

The presence of any matter or electromagnetic energy in the universe would
force the solution of Equation (206) to assume Case 2:
[itex]\sigma = − \frac{1}{3} [/itex] Equation(213)

Where [itex]\sigma[/itex] is the (total density)/(total pressure), [itex]\omega[/itex] being already used for the Brans Dicke coupling constant.

Whether the theory can fit other observational constraints is another question.

Garth
 
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  • #7
Lino said:
Thanks Chalnoth. Could you recommend any search words or links that are critical of a coasting cosmology (everything I read seems to be very positive)?

Regards,

Noel.
I'm not sure of any that have investigated this specifically, but this seems to me to be a good way of examining the issue:
http://lambda.gsfc.nasa.gov/product/map/current/params/wcdm_wmap9_spt_act_snls3.cfm

This is the list of parameters where they have taken the standard dark matter cosmology, but allowed the equation of state parameter [itex]w[/itex] to vary. This is model could easily include the coasting cosmology if [itex]w \approx -1/3[/itex].

The data used in this fit include WMAP (9-year data), SPT, ACT, and SNLS3. The estimate of the equation of state parameter with this combination of CMB and supernova data becomes:

[tex]w = -1.059 \pm 0.069[/tex]

This is consistent with a cosmological constant ([itex]w = -1[/itex]). So a coasting cosmology is completely ruled out, unless you can come up with a reason to believe that the other parameters used in the model are completely wrong (e.g. there really isn't any dark matter, though it's really really hard to fit the available evidence without dark matter), but even then you have to do the hard work to fit the new model with the available data, which is copious.
 
  • #8
Garth said:
If the dark energy itself had an eos of [itex] \rho = -p[/itex], as with the cosmological constant, then [itex] \rho_\Lambda = \frac{1}{3}\rho_M[/itex].
Right. But that's an unstable situation. It may have that density relationship for a short time when the universe transitions from decelerating to accelerating, but it won't stay there.

Garth said:
Such an eos is suggested in Self Creation Cosmology (page722)
I guess I just have no interest in examining such exotic cosmologies in detail until they can demonstrate that they predict the power spectrum of the CMB (in detail), and in such a way that matches with near-universe estimates of expansion (e.g. BAO, supernova data). These alternative cosmologies are a dime a dozen, and they generally can't be used to predict a CMB power spectrum anything like the one we observe.
 
  • #9
Here is one investigated paper of a Linear coasting model

http://arxiv.org/pdf/astro-ph/0306448v1.pdf

Classical Cosmology tests
Kolb[12] was probably first to demonstrate that data on Galaxy number
counts as a function of red-shift as well as data on angular diameter distance
as a function of red-shift do not rule out a linearly coasting cosmology. Unfortunately,
these two tests are marred by effects such as galaxy mergers and
galactic evolution. For these reasons these tests have fallen into disfavour as
reliable indicators of a viable model.
The variation of apparent luminosity of a “standard candle” as a function
of red-shift is referred to as the Hubble test. With the discovery of Supernovae
type Ia [SNe Ia] as reliable standard candles, the status of Hubble test has
been elevated to that of a precision measurement. Recent measurements by
the supernovae cosmology project [13] eliminated the “minimal inflationary”


Later researches as Chalnoth mentioned completely ruled out coasting models as far as i know. Leastwise I've never seen or heard of any recent articles on Coasting models
 
  • #10
Thanks all for the references and links.

Regareds,

Noel.
 

1. What is the difference between coasting and static cosmology?

Coasting cosmology is a theoretical model in which the expansion of the universe remains constant over time, while static cosmology is a model in which the expansion of the universe stops completely and the universe remains the same size. In coasting cosmology, the universe is still expanding, but at a constant rate, while in static cosmology, the universe is not expanding at all.

2. How do coasting and static cosmology differ from the Big Bang theory?

The Big Bang theory is a widely accepted model for the origin and expansion of the universe, while coasting and static cosmology are alternative theories. The Big Bang theory suggests that the universe began with a rapid expansion from a singularity, while coasting and static cosmology propose different mechanisms for the expansion of the universe.

3. Are coasting and static cosmology supported by any evidence?

At this time, there is no observational evidence to support coasting or static cosmology. The majority of evidence, including the cosmic microwave background radiation and the observed acceleration of the universe, supports the Big Bang theory and the current understanding of the expanding universe.

4. What implications do coasting and static cosmology have for the fate of the universe?

In coasting cosmology, the universe is predicted to expand indefinitely at a constant rate, while in static cosmology, the universe is predicted to eventually collapse in on itself. Both of these theories differ from the Big Bang theory, which predicts that the universe will continue to expand at an accelerating rate.

5. How do scientists test and evaluate the validity of coasting and static cosmology?

Scientists use a variety of observational and theoretical tools to test and evaluate different cosmological models, including coasting and static cosmology. These may include analyzing data from telescopes and other instruments, running simulations and experiments, and comparing the predictions of the models to observed phenomena. Ultimately, the validity of a cosmological model is determined by its ability to explain and accurately predict observable phenomena in the universe.

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