What's the physical interpretation of ρ for dipole forbidden channel?

In summary, in a \Lambda type three level system with one upper level (3) and two lower levels (1 and 2), where transitions between 1 and 3 and 2 and 3 are dipole allowed, while the transition between 1 and 2 is dipole forbidden, the real and imaginary part of ρ31 describe the dispersion and absorption of external light in the 1-3 channel. The ρ12 is related to the population distributions and can be significantly smaller when the 2 state has a longer lifetime, as seen in Case 2 compared to Case 1. This is due to the dipole-forbidden transition between 1 and 2, which has a lower transition probability.
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Consider we have a [itex]\Lambda[/itex] type three level system, the one upper level is denoted by 3, and the two lower levels are denoted by 1 and 2. Assuming that the transitions between 1[itex]\leftrightarrow[/itex]3 and 2[itex]\leftrightarrow[/itex]3 are dipole alowed, while the transition between two lower states 1 and 2 is dipole forbidden. As we know the real and imaginary part of ρ31 describe the dispersion and absorption of the external light in 1[itex]\leftrightarrow[/itex]3 channel. But what does the ρ12 mean?
 
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The same thing.

Dipole-forbidden means that the electric dipole moment vanishes. Higher order multipole transitions (E.g. quadrupole) can still occur, but the matrix elements and thus the transition probabilities are much lower. Therefore the electric dipole is usually very dominant, and if the dipole is allowed, then all other transitions can be neglected. The net effect is that the 1-2 transitions are very weak (but still not completely forbidden)= the 2 state has a very long lifetime.
 
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Does the ρ12 has relation to the population distributions?

M Quack said:
The net effect is that the 1-2 transitions are very weak (but still not completely forbidden)= the 2 state has a very long lifetime.
Thanks!
Does the ρ12 has relation to the population distributions? Say consider two cases:
Case 1: ρ11=0.9, ρ22=0.1
Case 2: ρ11=0.1, ρ22=0.2
What I've found is that the ρ12 in Case 2 is much less than in Case 1. (I've add a dephasing constant γ2d for level 2 compared to level 1.)
 

1. What is ρ and how does it relate to dipole forbidden channels?

ρ, or the reduced matrix element, is a measure of the strength of the dipole transition between two energy levels. It is used to calculate the probability of a transition occurring between two states.

2. Why are dipole forbidden channels important in scientific research?

Dipole forbidden channels provide valuable information about the electronic structure and properties of atoms and molecules. They can also reveal insights into the fundamental forces and interactions at a subatomic level.

3. How are dipole forbidden channels different from dipole allowed channels?

Dipole forbidden channels have a lower probability for transition compared to dipole allowed channels. This is because they involve a change in the parity of the system, making them less likely to occur.

4. What is the physical interpretation of ρ for dipole forbidden channels?

The physical interpretation of ρ for dipole forbidden channels is that it represents the overlap between the initial and final wavefunctions of the system. A larger ρ indicates a higher probability of transition, while a smaller ρ indicates a lower probability.

5. How is the reduced matrix element ρ calculated for dipole forbidden channels?

The reduced matrix element ρ is calculated using quantum mechanical equations and the known properties of the system, such as the electronic wavefunctions and transition energies. Advanced mathematical techniques, such as perturbation theory, are often used to obtain an accurate value for ρ.

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