The scientific method is a systematic approach to conducting research and answering questions. It involves making observations, formulating a hypothesis, conducting experiments, and analyzing data to draw conclusions. It is a standardized process used by scientists to ensure the reliability and validity of their findings.
A hypothesis is an educated guess or prediction about the outcome of an experiment. It is based on prior knowledge and observations. A theory, on the other hand, is a well-established and widely accepted explanation for a phenomenon. It is supported by a large body of evidence and has been extensively tested and verified.
Peer review is a critical step in the scientific process. It involves having other experts in the field review and evaluate a study before it is published. This helps to ensure the accuracy and credibility of the research by identifying any flaws in the methodology or conclusions. Peer review also allows for constructive feedback and suggestions for improvement.
Qualitative data is descriptive and non-numerical, while quantitative data is numerical and can be measured. Qualitative data is often used to explore and understand complex phenomena, while quantitative data is used to test hypotheses and make statistical inferences.
A control group is a group that is not exposed to the independent variable in an experiment. It is used as a baseline for comparison to the experimental group, which is exposed to the independent variable. This allows researchers to determine if any changes observed in the experimental group are due to the independent variable or other factors.