Exploring Connections Between Spin, SO(3), and SU(2)

In summary, the conversation discusses the relationship between the groups SO(3) and SU(2), and how this relates to the use of Euler angles and the Pauli matrices as generators for infinitesimal rotations. The conversation also brings up the question of why there are two conserved quantities, spin and orbital angular momentum, when there is only one set of generators. The speaker is seeking clarification and help on these conceptual questions.
  • #1
plmokn2
35
0
I’ve got a couple of conceptual questions on spin etc, and any help would be appreciated.

First of all reading books (eg. Sakuri) it seems like authors tend to show there’s a homomorphism between the groups SO(3) and SU(2) using Euler angles etc. I know the Pauli matricies act as generators for the group SU(2), so does this and the homomorphism automatically mean the Pauli matricies can be considered to be generators of infinitesimal rotations and so lead to a conservation law (spin)? Also why do books seem to do it this way around rather than showing an isomorphism between the generators of SO(3) and SU(2) (which I suspect exists)?

One more thing, if the Pauli matricies do act as generators of rotations why do we get both orbital angular momentum and spin, when it seems like there’s only really one unique set of generators, so why do we have the two conserved quantities: spin and orbital angular momentum?

Thanks in advance.
 
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  • #2
bump.
Any help appreciated.
 

1. What is spin in physics?

Spin is an intrinsic property of elementary particles, such as electrons, protons, and neutrons, that gives them a type of angular momentum.

2. What is SO(3) and how does it relate to spin?

SO(3) is the special orthogonal group in three dimensions, which is a mathematical group that describes the rotations of three-dimensional space. It is related to spin because the spin of a particle can be represented by the rotation of a vector in three-dimensional space.

3. What is the significance of SU(2) in relation to spin?

SU(2) is the special unitary group in two dimensions, which is a mathematical group that describes the rotations of two-dimensional space. It is significant in relation to spin because it is the mathematical framework used to describe the spin of particles in quantum mechanics.

4. How do spin, SO(3), and SU(2) connect to each other?

Spin, SO(3), and SU(2) are all related through the concept of symmetry. SO(3) represents the symmetries of three-dimensional space, while SU(2) represents the symmetries of the wave function describing a particle's spin. Spin is the physical manifestation of these symmetries.

5. What are some practical applications of studying the connections between spin, SO(3), and SU(2)?

Studying these connections can help us better understand the fundamental properties of matter and the laws of quantum mechanics. It also has practical applications in fields such as quantum computing and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technology.

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