Why do strings in black holes not collapse to a singularity?

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In summary, string theory proposes that black holes may actually be stringy fuzzballs without a singularity at the center. This is in contrast to traditional non-stringy black holes, which are thought to have a singularity at the center due to the overwhelming gravitational compressive force. The fuzzball conjecture suggests that strings pile up all the way to the event horizon, but they do not collapse into a singularity. This is because the strings are not spherically symmetric and maintain a nontrivial structure, preventing the formation of a traditional horizon. This concept is further supported by the fact that even in flat space, a single string can maintain a nonzero size despite its tension. Therefore, the fuzzball picture offers an explanation for the absence
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brooknorton
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I've read that string theory suggests that black holes may be stringy fuzzballs without a singularity at the center. Instead, strings pile up all the way to the event horizon. My understanding of non-stringy black holes is that the gravitational compressive force overcomes all known repulsive forces (such as electrostatic repulsion between particles) and so the compressed matter collapses with nothing stopping an indefinitely denser collapse, resulting in a sigularity at the black hole center. Now the fuzzball conjecture posits a stringy ball that extends to the event horizon. My question is, why don't the strings collapse to a singularity, just like non-stringy matter does? Don't the strings have the same mass and gravitational effect as their non-stringy counterpart-particles (eg - a neutron represented by a string, or as a particle/wave, still has the same mass and gravitational attraction)? Don't stringy particles have the same repulsive forces as their non-stringy counterparts? What allows a fuzzball to build matter to the event horizon without collapse?
 
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Apparently, there is no traditional horizon in the fuzzball picture.

Mathur, The information paradox: A pedagogical introduction: "Why doesn’t the energy of the Schwarzschild hole all fall into the origin at r = 0? Consider the simpler case of a single string in flat space. It would seem that a string in the shape of a circle must shrink to a point under its tension so there should be no extended string states. But of course we can get extended states: the string profile is not circularly symmetric, and while each segment of the string is indeed trying to shrink, the whole exited string maintains a nonzero size in its evolution. Similarly, the nonextremal microstates are not spherically symmetric, and they cannot be sliced in a time independent manner. Each part of the geometry is dynamical, and the whole structure maintains a nontrivial structure without generating a traditional horizon."
 

1. Why don't fuzzballs collapse?

Fuzzballs are a theoretical construct in string theory, which suggests that fundamental particles are not point-like, but rather tiny, vibrating strings. According to string theory, fuzzballs do not collapse because they are held together by the tension of these vibrating strings, which creates a stable and balanced structure.

2. What evidence supports the concept of fuzzballs?

The existence of fuzzballs is still a topic of ongoing research and debate in the scientific community. However, some evidence that supports the concept of fuzzballs includes mathematical models and calculations based on string theory, as well as observations from black holes and other phenomena that align with the predictions of fuzzballs.

3. Can we observe fuzzballs directly?

At this time, it is not possible to directly observe fuzzballs, as they are incredibly small and exist on a subatomic scale. However, scientists are working on developing new technologies and methods to potentially detect and study fuzzballs in the future.

4. How do fuzzballs relate to the concept of black holes?

Fuzzballs are one proposed explanation for the "information paradox" of black holes, which suggests that information cannot be destroyed when matter falls into a black hole. According to the fuzzball theory, black holes are actually fuzzballs with a well-defined surface rather than a singularity at their center, which resolves the information paradox.

5. Are there any potential applications for understanding fuzzballs?

While there are currently no direct applications for the concept of fuzzballs, the research and understanding of string theory and fundamental particles can have implications for our understanding of the universe and potential future technologies. Additionally, the study of fuzzballs may lead to a deeper understanding of black holes and the laws of physics in extreme conditions.

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