Dependence of electrical conductivity and electron mean free path on temperature

In summary: This information can then be used to calculate the effective conductivity and microwave reflectivity of the thin film of aluminum at various temperatures. In summary, the paper by Hansen and Pawlewicz provides a useful formula for calculating the effective conductivity and microwave reflectivity of a thin film of aluminum, taking into account surface scattering. To extend this analysis to account for a wide range of operating temperatures, knowledge of the temperature dependence of the bulk conductivity and electron mean free path length is necessary, which can be found in various references or determined experimentally.
  • #1
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I am investigating the microwave (say, 28 GHz to 30 GHz) reflection properties of a thin (say, 35 nm) film of aluminum that is being used to plate a graphite reflector antenna. I found a useful paper (R. C. Hansen and W. T. Pawlewicz, ``Effective conductivity and microwave reflectivity of thin metallic films,'' IEEE Trans. MTT, vol. 30, no. 11, Nov. 1982, pp. 2064--2066.) that quantifies how the effective conductivity in a thin film is reduced due to surface scattering. The formula requires knowledge of the bulk conductivity and of the electron mean free path length within the bulk material. These formulas allow me to easily compute the field scattering properties of the film at room temperature using a radome analysis program (which in turn uses a transmission line model of the film). Now I would like to extend the analysis to account for the wide range of operating temperatures expected in the space environment: -140 C to +160 C. Can anyone provide some pointers or formulas on how the conductivity and mean free path length vary with temperature for the bulk metal?

Thanks,
Peter
 
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  • #2
The temperature dependence of the conductivity and mean free path length of aluminum can be found in various references, including: 1. S. M. Sze, “Physics of Semiconductor Devices”, 3rd ed., Wiley, New York (1981). 2. R. F. Pierret, “Semiconductor Device Fundamentals”, Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA (1996). 3. G. E. Pikus, and A. N. Titkov, “Optical Orientation”, Elsevier, Amsterdam (1984). In addition, the temperature dependence of the electron mean free path length can be determined experimentally by measuring the skin depth of the material at different temperatures.
 

1. What is the relationship between temperature and electrical conductivity?

The electrical conductivity of a material tends to increase as the temperature increases. This is because at higher temperatures, more electrons are able to break free from their atoms and move freely, resulting in a higher conductivity.

2. How does the electron mean free path change with temperature?

The electron mean free path is the average distance an electron can travel without colliding with another particle. At higher temperatures, the electrons have more energy and therefore travel further, resulting in an increase in the electron mean free path.

3. Why is temperature an important factor in electrical conductivity?

Temperature affects the movement of electrons in a material, and the movement of electrons is what determines the electrical conductivity. Therefore, understanding the relationship between temperature and electrical conductivity is crucial for predicting and controlling the behavior of electrical systems.

4. Does the dependence of electrical conductivity on temperature vary between materials?

Yes, the dependence of electrical conductivity on temperature can vary significantly between different materials. Some materials may have a strong positive correlation between temperature and conductivity, while others may have a weaker relationship or even a negative correlation.

5. How does the temperature coefficient of resistance play a role in the dependence of electrical conductivity on temperature?

The temperature coefficient of resistance is a measure of how much a material's resistance changes with temperature. This value is directly related to the dependence of electrical conductivity on temperature - materials with a higher temperature coefficient of resistance will have a stronger dependence on temperature for their conductivity.

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