How Atherosclerosis cause endothelial injury?

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In summary, atherosclerosis is a disease where fatty deposits build up in the walls of arteries, causing damage to the endothelial cells. Risk factors for this type of endothelial injury include high blood pressure, smoking, high cholesterol levels, diabetes, and a sedentary lifestyle. Endothelial injury contributes to the progression of atherosclerosis by disrupting the normal functions of blood vessels and promoting further damage and inflammation. While lifestyle changes and medication may help slow or reverse the progression of atherosclerosis, complete reversal of endothelial injury is not always possible. Potential complications of this type of injury include blood clots, reduced blood flow to vital organs, and increased risk of heart attack and stroke.
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Manish7
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Atherosclerosis causes accumulation of lipids (cholesterol, cholesterol esters) within the intima of major vessels."Robbins and Cotran, 8 edi." says it is due to endothelial injury rather endothelial dysfunction,which leads to increased permeability, inc. expression of adhesion molecules, altered endothelial function.
but how these risk factors (hyperlipidemia, hypertension, smoking, diabetes mellitus) causes endothelial dysfunction ?
Although Hypertension can damage endothelium, but it must manifest as a case of thrombosis rather than atherosclerosis, leading to MI.
 
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Is this a homework or coursework question?
 
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This isn't any homework, I am just asking my query when going through CVS Pathology.
 

1. How does atherosclerosis lead to endothelial injury?

Atherosclerosis is a disease process in which fatty deposits, called plaques, build up in the walls of arteries. These plaques can cause damage to the endothelial cells lining the artery walls, leading to endothelial injury. This injury can then trigger a series of events that contribute to the development of atherosclerosis.

2. What are some risk factors for atherosclerosis-related endothelial injury?

Some common risk factors for endothelial injury related to atherosclerosis include high blood pressure, smoking, high cholesterol levels, diabetes, and a sedentary lifestyle. These factors can contribute to the formation of plaques and increase the likelihood of endothelial damage.

3. How does endothelial injury contribute to the progression of atherosclerosis?

The endothelial cells play a crucial role in maintaining the health and function of blood vessels. When these cells are damaged, they can no longer perform their normal functions, such as regulating blood flow and preventing the buildup of plaque. This can lead to further damage and inflammation in the artery walls, promoting the progression of atherosclerosis.

4. Can atherosclerosis-related endothelial injury be reversed?

In some cases, lifestyle changes and medications can help to slow or even reverse the progression of atherosclerosis. However, once endothelial injury has occurred, it is not always possible to completely reverse the damage. This is why early detection and prevention are crucial in managing atherosclerosis.

5. What are some potential complications of endothelial injury caused by atherosclerosis?

Endothelial injury can lead to various complications, including the formation of blood clots, reduced blood flow to vital organs, and increased risk of heart attack and stroke. In severe cases, it can also result in the rupture of plaques and complete blockage of an artery, leading to life-threatening events.

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