Can Pure Oxygen in a Pipeline Cause Fire?

In summary, the velocity of pure oxygen in a pipeline can cause fire in two ways: impact and adiabatic compression. Impact occurs when particles in the flow stream hit stationary parts in the system, creating high temperatures that can ignite. Adiabatic compression happens when sudden pressurization of the pipeline causes the oxygen to be compressed isentropically, leading to the highest temperature at the end of any dead ends in the system. To mitigate these risks, materials that are resistant to ignition should be used and the system should be kept clean of any hydrocarbons. The Compressed Gas Association has standards, such as CGA G-4.4, for these types of systems.
  • #1
Ask1122
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Hi all, if you have very pure oxygen (+99%) in your pipeline. HOW does the velocity of the oxygen causes fire in the pipeline?

Thanks!
 
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  • #2
Hi Ask. There's two basic ways this happens (that I can think of off the top of my head):
- Impact: Particles in the flow stream impact a stationary part internal to the system, especially where there is a change in direction such as inside valves or at T's or elbows. The impact creates a localized high temperature that can ignite.
- Adiabatic compression: Sudden pressurization of an oxygen pipe line will cause the oxygen to be compressed isentropically anywhere there is a 'dead end' inside the piping system. The very end of that dead end is where the highest temperature will be, and it is there that a fire can ignite.

There are methods to mitigate these risks such as using materials that either can't ignite or are highly resistant to ignition. Obviously keeping the system as clean as possible and removing any kind of hydrocarbon is very important as well.

The Compressed Gas Association (CGA) produces standards that are used for these types of systems. The one you might want to get your hands on is CGA G-4.4 "Industrial Practices for Gaseous Oxygen Transmission and Distribution Piping Systems". Check the CGA web site.
 

1. What is pure oxygen in a pipeline?

Pure oxygen in a pipeline refers to the use of oxygen gas in its pure form, without any other gases or impurities, transported through a pipeline for various industrial or medical purposes.

2. What are the benefits of using pure oxygen in a pipeline?

Pure oxygen in a pipeline offers many benefits, such as higher efficiency in industrial processes, improved combustion in furnaces and boilers, and better oxygenation in medical treatments.

3. How is pure oxygen produced for pipeline use?

Pure oxygen is typically produced through a process called cryogenic distillation, where air is cooled and separated into its component gases. The oxygen is then purified further to remove any remaining impurities.

4. Is pure oxygen safe to transport through pipelines?

Yes, pure oxygen is safe to transport through pipelines as long as proper safety protocols and regulations are followed. This includes using specialized materials and equipment to prevent leaks and explosions.

5. What are the potential risks of using pure oxygen in a pipeline?

The main risk of using pure oxygen in a pipeline is the potential for combustion or explosion if there is a leak or improper handling. It is important to follow strict safety protocols and regularly maintain the pipeline to prevent these risks.

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