Prokaryotes and lack of compartmentalization

[Monique]

Eukaryotic cells have lots of subcellular compartments with all different functions.

Lysosomes to compartmentalize all the degradative enzymes, so that things can be digested and renewed.

Peroxisomes to separate glyconeogenesis from glycolysis for instance to prevent futile cycles.

Prokaryotes lack these compartments. I wonder: how does it degrade and thus digest things without digesting itself? It excretes all its enzymes and then resorbs the broken down nutrients?

 

[iansmith]

Prokaryotes have compartmentalization but it is not a define or complex as eukaryotes. Some are called self-compartmentalizing. Some reaction also happen outside the cell. The degraded product is pump back in. Some prokaryotes also appear to have some eukaryote-like compartmentalization.

These article could answer some questions
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TD0-3Y868B2-J&_coverDate=02%2F01%2F1999&_alid=133051968&_rdoc=1&_fmt=&_orig=search&_qd=1&_cdi=5184&_sort=d&view=c&_acct=C000050221&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=10&md5=9d1ecbcb24ab3a8322f6e77414a28ad3

http://matilde.ingentaselect.com/vl=559674/cl=14/nw=1/rpsv/cgi-bin/cgi?body=linker&ini=nlm&reqidx=issn=0962-8436vl=355is=1394yr=2000mn=Febpg=179

http://gessler.ingentaselect.com/vl=2066724/cl=47/nw=1/rpsv/cgi-bin/cgi?body=linker&ini=nlm&reqidx=issn=0962-8452vl=266is=1428yr=1999mn=Augpg=1571

 

[ravenprp]

Prokaryotes have evolved unique mechanisms to carry out essential cellular processes without the need for compartmentalization. While it may seem inefficient or even dangerous to lack separate compartments for different functions, prokaryotes have adapted to this by utilizing specialized structures and processes.

For example, prokaryotes have specialized proteins and enzymes that are able to target specific molecules for degradation without harming the cell itself. These enzymes are often regulated and only activated when needed, preventing the constant release of degradative enzymes that could harm the cell.

Additionally, prokaryotes have evolved unique structures such as inclusion bodies, which are specialized compartments that store excess nutrients or waste products. This allows the cell to store and utilize essential molecules without them interfering with other cellular processes.

Furthermore, prokaryotes have developed efficient recycling mechanisms, such as autophagy, which allows the cell to break down and reuse its own components when needed. This prevents the need for constant digestion and excretion of enzymes and nutrients.

In summary, while eukaryotic cells have evolved the use of subcellular compartments for various functions, prokaryotes have developed specialized mechanisms to carry out essential processes without the need for compartmentalization. This highlights the adaptability and efficiency of prokaryotic cells in sustaining life without the need for complex structures.