Newton's equations were based on his laws of motion and the law of universal gravitation. He observed the motion of objects and conducted experiments to develop these laws.
The two equations that Newton derived were the equation for calculating force (F=ma) and the equation for calculating gravitational force (F=Gm1m2/r^2).
No, Newton developed his equations from scratch based on his observations and experiments. However, his equations were later used to improve and expand upon existing theories, such as those of Galileo and Kepler.
Newton's equations provided a unified framework for understanding and predicting the motion of objects. This allowed for the development of classical mechanics and paved the way for modern physics.
Yes, Newton's equations are still widely used in many fields, including engineering, astrophysics, and space exploration. They are considered to be accurate and applicable in most situations, except at very high speeds or in extreme gravitational conditions.