How to proove De Morgan's Law for Logic?

[perdu]

How to proove De Morgan's Law for Logic??

Without using Truth table

thanks folks

DeMorgan's Law:
~(P^Q)<=>~Pv~Q;
~(PvQ)<=>~P^~Q;

 

[honestrosewater]

Several laws bear his name- which one do you want? Just write it out.

 

[CRGreathouse]

I imagine he wants

$$-\vee_{i=1}^nk_i=\wedge_{i=1}^n-k_i$$

$$-\wedge_{i=1}^nk_i=\vee_{i=1}^n-k_i$$

(I used - for not; how do you get the proper symbol?)

 

[perdu]

De Morgan's Law:
~(P^Q)<=>~Pv~Q;
~(PvQ)<=>~P^~Q;

 

[BicycleTree]

Well, here's a way to prove the first implication of the first law, ~(p&q) --> ~p v ~q

Here the indented lines following an assumption indicate the scope of the assumption:

1. Assume ~(p&q) v (~r&r)
   2. (p&q) --> (~r&r) (1, material implication)
   3. p --> (q --> (~r&r)) (2, exportation)
   4. p --> (~q v (~r&r)) (3, material implication)
   5. ~p v (~q v (~r&r)) (4, material implication)
   6. (~p v ~q) v (~r&r) (5, association)
7. (~(p&q) v (~r&r)) --> ((~p v ~q) v (~r&r)) (1-6, conditional proof)

8. Assume ~r&r
(assumption of line 8 has no scope beyond itself)
9. ~(~r&r) (8, reductio ad absurdum)

10. Assume ~(p&q)
   11. ~(p&q) v (~r&r) (10, addition)
   12. (~p v ~q) v (~r&r) (7, modus ponens)
   13. ~p v ~q (9, 12, disjunctive syllogism)
14. ~(p&q) --> (~p v ~q) (10-13, conditional proof)

The second half of the first DeMorgan's law, (~p v ~q) --> ~(p&q),
can be proved similarly.

 

[BicycleTree]

The key to that proof was the use of exportation to get line 7. Both halves of the second DeMorgan's law can also be proved by the same general idea, though it's slightly trickier.

 

[funkstar]

(I used - for not; how do you get the proper symbol?)

\neg in LaTeX (for negate).

Example:

$$\neg \exists x . P(x) \Leftrightarrow \forall x. \neg P(x)$$

 

[gravenewworld]

The way I learned this is that is follows from the semantic defintion of truth.

Say you you have an interpretation M and a sentence F
by definition

M|= ~F iff not M|=F
M|= (F&G) iff M|= F and M|=G
M|= (FvG) iff M|= F or M|=G

Thus a consequence of the definition of truth for negation and of two junctions is the fact that (F&G) is true iff ~(~Fv~G) is true, and (FvG) is true iff ~(~F&~G) is true.

You have ~(PvQ) iff ~P&~Q, which would be equivalent to ~(FvG) iff ~~(~F&~G), which is the same as saying ~(FvG) iff (~F&~G).

 

[BicycleTree]

Thus a consequence of the definition of truth for negation and of two junctions is the fact that (F&G) is true iff ~(~Fv~G) is true, and (FvG) is true iff ~(~F&~G) is true.

How do you reason that?

 

[ranjha]

Is there no easier way to prove DeMorgan's theorem without having to use EXPORTATION and DISJUNCTIVE SYLLOGISM rules? Is there a way to prove this Law by just using modus ponens, modus tollens, disjunctive argument, conjunctive argument, simplification, and so on?

 

[honestrosewater]

Is there no easier way to prove DeMorgan's theorem without having to use EXPORTATION and DISJUNCTIVE SYLLOGISM rules? Is there a way to prove this Law by just using modus ponens, modus tollens, disjunctive argument, conjunctive argument, simplification, and so on?

What is "and so on"? What rules do you have? Just write them out, provide a link, or tell us the name of the system, if you know it; it shouldn't take but a few minutes.

 

[wave]

Is there no easier way to prove DeMorgan's theorem without having to use EXPORTATION and DISJUNCTIVE SYLLOGISM rules?

Construct a PK proof.

 

[AKG]

1  | ~(P & Q)            assumption
...|-------------------- 
2  || ~(~P v ~Q)         assumption
...||------------------- 
3  ||| P                 assumption
...|||------------------
4  |||| Q                assumption
...||||-----------------
5  |||| P & Q            3, 4 conjunction introduction
6  |||| ~(P & Q)         1, repitition
7  ||| ~Q                4-6 negation introduction 
8  ||| ~P v ~Q           7, disjunction introduction
9  ||| ~(~P v ~Q)        2, repitition
10 || ~P                 3-9, negation introduction
11 || ~P v ~Q            10, disjunction introduction
12 || ~(~P v ~Q)         2, repitition
13 | ~P v ~Q             2-12 negation elimination

1  | ~P v ~Q               assumption
...|----------------------- 
2  || ~P                   assumption
...||---------------------- 
3  ||| P & Q               assumption
...|||---------------------
4  ||| P                   3, conjunction elimination
5  ||| ~P                  2, repitition
6  || ~(P & Q)             3-5, negation introduction
7  || ~Q                   assumption
...||----------------------
8  ||| P & Q               assumption
...|||---------------------
9  ||| Q                   8, conjunction elimination
10 ||| ~Q                  7, repitition
11 || ~(P & Q)             8-10 negation introduction
12 | ~(P & Q)              1, 2-5, 7-11 disjunction elimination

 

[neil87]

Hi,
how to simplify (-p^q)v-(pvq) using the logical equivalence?

 

[bettydlgc]

How do you prove the following? I understand that it is part of demorgans law.. but how do i get rid of the double negative?

-(-A v -B) therefore (A & B)