Why is C-14 Radioactive Despite Low N/P Ratio?

In summary, the conversation discusses the radioactivity of elements with a n/p ratio less than 1.5. It is mentioned that while there is no "magic rule" for this, there are exceptions such as Lead-207 which has a n/p ratio of 1.524 and is stable. The concept of "magic numbers" is also brought up, where certain nuclei with specific numbers of protons or neutrons are exceptionally stable.
  • #1
assassinsdoc
7
0
Why c - 14 is radio active though n/p ratio is less than 1.5?
 
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  • #3
That is not a rule. Most radioactive elements do not have n/p > 1.5. That's a myth
 
  • #4
Do not confuse the statement "There are no stable nuclei with n/p > 1.5" with the statement "All unstable nuclei have n/p > 1.5". See the difference? The first one is true. The second one most definitely isn't.
 
  • #5
dauto said:
Do not confuse the statement "There are no stable nuclei with n/p > 1.5" with the statement "All unstable nuclei have n/p > 1.5". See the difference? The first one is true. The second one most definitely isn't.
Lead-207 is (experimentally1) stable with 82 protons and 125 neutrons, 125/82=1.524.
There are a few other examples, see the linked list.
 
  • #6
mfb said:
Lead-207 is (experimentally1) stable with 82 protons and 125 neutrons, 125/82=1.524.
There are a few other examples, see the linked list.

That's exactly my point. This rule is just an approximate rule of thumb...
 
  • #7
thank you!
I've studied in class about something called 'magic numbers' where nuclei having 2, 8, 20, 28, 50, 82 or 126 protons or neutrons or both (seperately) are exceptionally stable compared to their respective neighbouring nuclides. So, they too make an exception.
 
  • #8
That's right.
 

1. Why is C-14 radioactive?

Carbon-14 (C-14) is radioactive because it has an unstable nucleus, meaning it has an imbalance of protons and neutrons. This makes it prone to decay and release radiation.

2. Why does C-14 have a low N/P ratio?

The N/P (neutron-to-proton) ratio of an element is determined by the number of neutrons and protons in its nucleus. C-14 has a low N/P ratio because it has 6 protons and 8 neutrons, resulting in a ratio of 4:3.

3. How does the low N/P ratio affect the radioactive nature of C-14?

The low N/P ratio of C-14 makes it unstable and more likely to undergo radioactive decay. This is because the imbalance of protons and neutrons in the nucleus creates a greater likelihood for the release of radiation.

4. Why does C-14 have a half-life?

The half-life of an element is the time it takes for half of the atoms in a sample to undergo radioactive decay. C-14 has a half-life of approximately 5,730 years because it is unstable and constantly decays into more stable elements over time.

5. How is C-14 used in radiocarbon dating despite its low N/P ratio?

C-14 is used in radiocarbon dating because it is constantly being replenished in the Earth's atmosphere through cosmic rays. As living organisms absorb C-14 through the food chain, the ratio of C-14 to stable carbon isotopes remains constant. After an organism dies, the C-14 in its body begins to decay at a predictable rate, allowing scientists to determine its age through radiocarbon dating.

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