Gene Transcription/DNA Replication

In summary, the process of gene transcription is similar to DNA replication in that both involve the unwinding of the DNA and the addition of nucleotides using a similar chemical process. However, there are significant differences between the two processes, including their initiation and the use of different polymerases. Both processes are essential for the functioning of cells and can be further studied through resources such as the NCC website and SparkNotes.
  • #1
Lindsay
3
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Hey
In what respects is the process of gene transcription similar to the process of DNA replication?
Thanks
Lindsay
 
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  • #2
There is not many similar processes between DNA replication and transcription.

The firts common point is that both process starts with the unwinding of the DNA. How replication and transcritption is iniated is different, replication requires RNA primers on the template strand and other factor whereas transcripption does not require RNA primer and migth requires DNA binding proteins and DNA. The other common point is the addition of NTPs by the same chemical process. Structuarly DNA polymerase and RNA polymerase are dissimilar in many points.

The website has good basic animation and explanation: http://www.ncc.gmu.edu/dna/

From this site (http://www.sparknotes.com/biology/molecular/dnatranscription/section1.html)

The processes that synthesize DNA and RNA are similar in that they use similar nucleotide building blocks. They also use the same chemical method of attack by a terminal -OH group of the growing chain on the triphosphate group of an incoming nucleotide. Both replication and transcription are fueled by the hydrolysis of the pyrophosphate group that is released upon attack. There are, however, a number of important differences between these two distinct processes.
 
  • #3


Hey Lindsay,

Both gene transcription and DNA replication are processes that involve the copying of genetic information. In both processes, the DNA double helix is unwound and separated into two strands. The separated strands then serve as templates for the synthesis of new strands.

Another similarity is that both processes require the use of enzymes. In DNA replication, the enzyme DNA polymerase is responsible for adding complementary nucleotides to the newly synthesized strand. In gene transcription, RNA polymerase is the enzyme responsible for synthesizing RNA from a DNA template.

Additionally, both processes involve the use of complementary base pairing. In DNA replication, adenine pairs with thymine and guanine pairs with cytosine. In gene transcription, adenine pairs with uracil and guanine pairs with cytosine.

Overall, the main similarity between gene transcription and DNA replication is that they both involve the copying of genetic information using complementary base pairing and the use of enzymes.

Hope this helps! Let me know if you have any other questions.


 

1. What is the difference between gene transcription and DNA replication?

Gene transcription is the process by which the information stored in a gene is used to create a specific messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule. This mRNA molecule is then used to create a specific protein. DNA replication, on the other hand, is the process by which a cell copies its entire genome in preparation for cell division.

2. How does gene transcription work?

Gene transcription involves several steps. First, an enzyme called RNA polymerase binds to a specific region of DNA called the promoter. This enzyme then moves along the DNA strand, reading the genetic code and creating a complementary mRNA molecule. Once the mRNA molecule is complete, it detaches from the DNA and is processed and transported out of the nucleus to the ribosomes for protein synthesis.

3. What is the role of DNA in gene transcription and DNA replication?

DNA serves as the template for both gene transcription and DNA replication. In gene transcription, the DNA provides the instructions for creating a specific protein by providing the sequence of nucleotides that make up the gene. In DNA replication, the DNA is duplicated to ensure that each new cell receives a complete set of genetic information.

4. What is the importance of gene transcription and DNA replication?

Gene transcription and DNA replication are essential processes for the survival and functioning of all living organisms. Gene transcription allows cells to produce the necessary proteins for various biological processes, while DNA replication ensures that genetic information is accurately passed down to new cells during cell division.

5. What are the potential errors or mutations that can occur during gene transcription and DNA replication?

Although both processes are highly accurate, errors or mutations can occur. These can be caused by external factors such as UV radiation or chemicals, or by mistakes made by enzymes during the processes. These errors can result in changes to the genetic code, which can potentially lead to genetic disorders or diseases.

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