subtle background structure in deep astronomy photos; CSL-1 cosmic string gravitational lens in Capodimonte Deep Field; Millennium Simulation of evolving cosmic structure; AstroDeep group; Murray mesh; www.Flickr.com evolving cosmic structure; As

Rich Murray

http://groups.yahoo.com/group/AstroDeep/11 subtle background
structure in deep astronomy photos; CSL-1 cosmic string
gravitational lens in Capodimonte Deep Field; Millennium Simulation
of evolving cosmic structure; AstroDeep group; Murray mesh;
www.Flickr.com

Rich Murray, MA Room For All rmforall@comcast.net 505-501-2298
1943 Otowi Road Santa Fe, New Mexico 87505 USA

http://groups.yahoo.com/group/AstroDeep/ AstroDeep@yahoogroups.com
This group was started 2002.01.19, and allows sharing and
discussion of 100KB jpg photos. A new AstroDeep group is available
on Flickr.com to share png photos, up to 5 to 10 MB size, with many
sizes viewable of each photo.

http://www.flickr.com/groups/97329064@N00/

About AstroDeep:

Share and discuss ultra deep sky astronomy photos, up to 5 MB each,
that show mysterious, fascinating, and unexplained subtle
background structure: appears to be a very distant 3D fractile
tangle of dark and light spots, threads, and lines, behind all
galaxies, which I named 'Murray mesh' in January 2002.

I'd like a self-organizing community of people to evolve to enjoy
and study this wonder in the spirit of free, civil, open-minded
scientific sharing, serious, playful, and aesthetic, and including
professionals as well as amateurs. Skeptical assessments are
welcome, in case the subtle features are artifacts of
instrumentation, processing, or perception.

My goal as the initial catalytic facilitator is to provide quality
high resolution images with commentary on my methods, findings, and
questions so far, to be as inclusive as possible, and support a
variety of participants and co-leaders, keeping everything in the
free public domain.

AstroDeep will demonstrate an innovative way of creating a new kind
of scientific community.

This is a public group.

For your photos page: http://www.flickr.com/photos/rmforall/

For your profile: http://www.flickr.com/people/rmforall/


Following are 17 deep cosmic images from the OACDF2 field of the
Capodimonte Deep Field, and 2 images from the recent Millennium
Simulation of the evolution of cosmic structure. For each image,
click on the second URL to view the image. If you join ( immediate
signup ) as a Free member, you will be able to leave comments on
the photos, and join our AstroDeep group to share all our relevant
photos and discussions.


http://www.flickr.com/photos/68744821@N00/15220099/

astroOACDF215d01ddaab

http://photos9.flickr.com/15220099_db4a804187_b.jpg

[ To take full advantage of Flickr, you should use a
JavaScript-enabled browser and install the latest version of the
Macromedia Flash Player. ]

#1 In the center is CSL-1, the orange exact double image, dumbbell
shape, 4 arc-seconds wide, of a galaxy 6 billion light years away,
caused by the gravitational lens effect of a closer, extremely thin
and incredibly dense, yet invisible, cosmic string -- the first
convincing evidence.

This 3.3 X 2.4 arc-minute selection is from the lower right edge of
the ESO public domain press photo April 10 2001 of a 35 X 32' view
of the quarter field OACDF2 [ about 0.5 by 0.5 degrees -- the width
of the Moon ] in three color bands from the Capodimonte Deep Field,
which has three other adjacent quarter fields -- not in the public
domain as far as I know. [ png 1654 X 1029 pixels 2.15 MB ] North
is up, while East is to the left.

I have shifted and lightened the colors to bring out the subtle
structures in the background, which since January 2002 I call
'Murray mesh' -- short tangled dark threads and spots, and longer,
brighter, less tangled threads, and other subtle features. They may
be very distant cosmic filaments of H and He and early galaxies,
and also result from various kinds of gravitational lenses.

http://www.eso.org/outreach/press-re...hot-15-01.html

people.na.infn.it/~longo/Ricerca/Cosmic_strings/Materiali...
38 page review by Giuseppe Longo on April 15 2005

www.mpa-garching.mpg.de/galform/millennium/ Millennium Simulation?
See #18 and #19 for computed early cosmic structures.

I am fascinated by the diverse and subtle features in the
background. The larger, nearer stars have crossbars and a disk of
added light from diffraction effects in the telescope. The myriad
galaxies are fuzzy disks, ovals, edge on disks, and irregular
shapes, and, on the average, the smaller and redder they are, the
more distant.

Some of the red color comes from absorption by intergalactic dust,
but most is from the red shift -- CSL-1 has a red shift z = 0.46,
so much of its light in the red R band, magnitude 19.67 +-.20, is
from near infrared light downshifted into visible red light. The
many tinier and tinier reddish fuzzy objects are, on average,
similar galaxies, more and more far away, while larger and whiter
fuzzy objects are, on average, similar galaxies that are closer
than CSL-1.

So we are gazing down, down, down into a fathomless well of space
and time. But the luminous green background, presumably far more
distant than the tiniest galaxies, seems to have subtle texture,
structure, and local features.

If we imagine a clock face at CSL-1 to show directions, then at
7:30 at 7 widths of CSL-1 distance, 28 sec, we find a tangled
cluster, 8 sec wide, of small, irregular dark spots and lines,
which seem to be a dense mesh that includes less dark lines and
lighter lines.

Click on All Sizes to see the Large and the even larger Original --
the file I uploaded.

At first, the dark spots and tangled darker lines always seem to be
behind all lighter features. But it's difficult to assess such
complex, unfamiliar, fractile three dimensional meshes.

If we look at 4:00 to 5:00 clock direction, 2 to 4 widths of CSL-1,
4-8 sec, we see a few longer, thinner, curved, much lighter lines
-- and we may see everywhere complex meshes of tangled lighter
lines, interwoven with the darker lines.

If we gaze at 3:00 nine widths, 36 sec, we find a bright star, and
two widths to its right, a tiny light fuzzy spot that expands
upward to define a curved fan shape, barely visible, yet
persistent, about 4 widths high and wide, 8 sec. We can discern
this fan shape in the Large and Original views.

Some of the lighter lines often seem to be boundaries of these
subtle, fairly transparent features, like oil floating on water.

Practice developes subtle visual skills, like learning to instantly
recognize the subtle impressions of animal feet in a field of wild
grass.


http://www.flickr.com/photos/6874482...ACDF215d01ddaa

http://photos13.flickr.com/15408839_101e3ea875_b.jpg

#2 CSL-1 and two other cosmic string gravitational lens candidates,
the irregular orange galaxies at low center, upper left, and upper
right corner.

1654 X 1655 pixels, 3.3 X 3.3' size png 3.43 MB

The coordinates of CSL-1 are:
12 h 23 m 30.6 s Right Ascension, -12 degrees 38 m 57 s Declination.

Three wavelength bands from 773 to 913 nanometers: Blue, Violet, Red.
One pixel in the original data is 0.238 arc-sec.

From the ESO.org site, I downloaded ESO PR Photo 15d/01,
Hi-Res JPEG 2768 X 3668 pixels 6.2 MB 5.5 X 6.5 arc-minutes

At first, I couldn't find much detail in their jpg image. I used an
excellent low cost image processing program, MGI PhotoSuite 4.0, to
crop off the text on the bottom, leaving the image 2768 X 3136 p
5.5 X 6 min.

The Touchup feature next: Soften: reduced from 3 to 0, as I wanted
to maximize the raw detail.

Color Adjustment: Cyan-Red -50 Magenta-Green +100 Yellow-Blue -100,
as empirically this created a pleasing, easy to view image with
maximum detail.

Brightness: increased from 0 to 30, to increase the dark background
details.

Gamma: reduced from 1.00 to 0.80 to increase the dark background
details.

Saved as a Windows Bit Map bmp 24.8 MB Crop: reduce to 1654 X 1655
p Saved as bmp 7.83 MB. Saved as Personal Network Graphic png 3.83
MB and Uploaded to Flickr.

Crop: reduce to 1654 X 1029 p Saved as bmp 4.87 MB png 2.15 MB and
uploaded the png to Flickr as #1 , as Flickr can upload only png
and jgp, and I find jpg loses too much fine detail.

How I get into this fascination.....

RTM: deep sky background filaments: images and interpretation
1.19.2 rmforall

groups.yahoo.com/group/AstroDeep/1
photos.groups.yahoo.com/group/astrodeep/lst?.dir=/&.v...

Click on the thumbnail photos to get the photos, and click on those
in turn to get full screen photos. Artifacts? Or?-- immense
filaments of H, He, and dark matter, lit by intense UV from the
earliest very massive stars, "...during the first 10E8 years of the
history of the universe at redshifts between 50 and 10...," Prof.
Richard B. Larson, Sci. Am. Dec 2001, and
www.astro.yale.edu/larson/papers/Noordwijk99.pdf [7 pages]. This
very early intense UV is now redshifted into the visible and IR
bands, and may supply about half of the current cosmic IR
background. The filaments are generally as thin as 1 pixel.

Photo #2: deeptt1k.jpg:
One pixel = .258 arc-sec, about .25 mm on my 15" monitor. In MGI
PhotoSuite 4.0, I can zoom in to 1600 %, at which point each pixel
is about 4 mm on my 15" monitor.

This is a 20KB cut from the center of the 673 KB original, Photo #1:
deeptt1.jpg:
1024 X 1024 pixels, a random sample, the first of three, a little
to the lower left of center of the 1.15 X 1.15 degree field, 16000
X 16000 pixels, 750.3 MB 24-bit color TIFF, the highest available
resolution, www.noao.edu/image_gallery/html/im0637.html National
Optical Astronomy Observatory Deep Wide-Field Survery.

I was captivated by the article with images, Sky & Telescope Sept
2001 p. 42-45 by David Tytell. In this article, image #7 has twice
the resolution of the other six closeups, 2.6 X 2.6 arc-min in a
13.1 X 13.1 cm square. On Aug 30, 2001, I noticed that by looking
in relaxed way into the dark background for a few minutes, I could
start to discern a network of dark, thin, tangled filaments.
Intrigued, I started downloading and studying images from the NOAO
website.

Photo #3: deepttl.jpg:
Using a $ 50 program, MGI PhotoSuite 4.0, available from
www.mgisoft.com, 505-764-7291, on Dec 12, I used the Touchup
Filters function to change Gamma from 1.00 to 6.00, revealing a
tangle of red and green thin filaments, and a few spots.


http://www.flickr.com/photos/6874482...n/photostream/

astroOACDF215d01ddaaba

http://photos11.flickr.com/15565895_b99609a7c3_o.png

#3 This is a stereo pair, made with identical copies of the first
photo, rotated 90 degrees to the right, so that North is to the
right and East is to the top.

If you gaze gently at the center space and allow your eyes to
cross, probably it will be easy to see a third image in between --
the stereo image, which if you take some time to explore will
probably show unexpectedly subtle and lovely textures and details.

Again, try the Large and Original sizes.

MGI Photosuite 4.0 gives up a lot of detail when it is used to pair
identical images.

#1 was 1054 X 1029 png 2.15 MB, while this pzp pair was saved as a
768 X 1024 p bmp 2.25 MB, and then png, only 0.707 MB, and uploaded to
Flickr.

However, most of the interesting details are still available, and
the 90 degree rotation introduces another check on the robustness
of the many subtle features.

Check the Original size...

In Dec 2001 I started setting up these photo pairs, along the same
pattern of image modification, zooming in deeper and deeper. About
two decades ago I noticed that when the same photo is set up side
by side, and viewed with slightly crossed eyes to make a third
composite image in between, that image is created by the brain's
visual system as an excellent 3D image.

In fact, you can visit a TV store, where a lot of sets are all on
the same channel at once, and find two sets the same size, side by
side, and watch the composite image in moving 3D.

If you settle your gaze gently for a few minutes into the composite
image, the innate image processing facility of the brain's visual
system will develop and deepen the 3D appreciation in remarkable
and beautiful ways.


http://www.flickr.com/photos/6874482...n/photostream/

astroOACDF215d01ddaba

http://photos14.flickr.com/15584725_ed93db8eed_o.png

#4 Another stereo pair of CSL-1 with two more similarly strange
orange double-image galaxies -- the brightness of #2 was reduced by
half to test the robustness of the subtle structure, and give us
more varied practice with the same image, thus stimulating the
training of our subtle pattern recognition skills.

The 1654 X 1655 p bmp 7.83 MB single image led to a stereo pair:
1024 X 768 p bmp 2.25 MB, then saved as png 0.597 MB pair and uploaded.

Check the Original size -- has a weird beauty, and large subtle structures
that puzzle me.


http://www.flickr.com/photos/6874482...n/photostream/

astroOACDF215d01ddab

http://photos9.flickr.com/15587409_f55b84bf51_b.jpg

#5 The brightness level of #2 was reduced from 0 to -50, to show
more clearly that the many tiny dark spots emerge as part of a
dense 3D mesh of darker and very crooked lines, while lighter lines
and slightly lighter areas can still be seen.

The lighter lines vary from fairly thin and straight to crooked,
short, and densely packed, and seem to transition to tiny clouds
and spots, which are probably very distant early galaxies.

The major features I described in #2 are still available, and even
more so in the Large and Original sizes.

Obtain a 4 inch wide or round reading glass, hold it close to your
eyes, and look thorough it with both eyes, held about 6 inches from
the monitor screen or color print, viewing the Large size.

The sloping edges of the opposite sides of the glass will act as
prisms, enabling your eyes to converge naturally, easily creating a
3D interpretation of the scene in your awareness.

It will be like hovering in space, looking down at a hill of grass.
Since different colored objects on the average will actually
correlate roughly with various distances, the fact that the green
colors are refracted more than the orange colors will cause most of
the white and orange objects to seem to float above a complex green
background mesh, much like a tangled carpet of grass.

It is easy to scan anywhere, tilt your head to shift your angular
perspective, and back up slowly to see a wider, softened, less
focused view.

Verify your findings with the Original view.


1654 X 1655 p bmp 7.83 MB, then saved as png 2.31 MB and uploaded.


http://www.flickr.com/photos/6874482...n/photostream/

astroOACDF215d01cba

http://photos13.flickr.com/16181258_4ec0c03673_b.jpg

#7 a 463 X 3136 p strip from top to bottom, png file 1.94 MG, of
the left (East) edge, 1/6 of its area, of the 5.5 X 5 min 15d/01
image, so this strip is 0.9 X 5 min = 54 by 300 sec.

Much more red data is in this image, along with more Brightness. It
is now clear that all the black spots and lines are various shades
of red, and that there are many predominantly red dominant and
green dominant areas.

Click on All Sizes to view Large and Original.

Large shows that the bottom half is noticably more full of red
spots and tangled crooked lines, while the top half has more green.

I started the same as with #2. From the ESO.org site, I downloaded
ESO PR Photo 15d/01, Hi-Res JPEG 2768 X 3668 pixels 6.2 MB 5.5 X
6.5 arc-minutes.

From the ESO.org site, I downloaded ESO PR Photo 15d/01, Hi-Res
JPEG 2768 X 3668 pixels 6.2 MB 5.5 X 6.5 arc-minutes.

I used an excellent low cost image processing program,MGI
PhotoSuite 4.0 to crop off the text on the bottom, leaving the
image 2768 X 3136 p 5.5 X 6 min.

The Touchup feature next:

Soften: reduced from 3 to 0, as I wanted to maximize the raw
detail.

Color Adjustment: Cyan-Red now raised to + 50 Magenta-Green +100
Yellow-Blue -100, as empirically this much increased the Red band,
balancing the Green band, creating an image with complex details --
much more challenging to view and appreciate. Brightness was raised
twice as much to +60, and the image was saved: 2768 X 3136 bmp 24.8
MB png with 1 out of 9 levels of compression 11.6 MB -- twice the 5
MB upload limit for Flickr.

I thought to upload the image as six vertical strips, also making
six stereo pairs, so cropped the left side into 463 X 3136 p and
saved: bmp 4.16 MB png 1.94 MB, which I uploaded to Flickr.


http://www.flickr.com/photos/6874482...ACDF215d01cbcc

http://photos11.flickr.com/16181259_e2c344d078_o.png

#8 stereo with CSL-1 a little above the middle on the right.

Click on All Sizes to see the Original. The second complex orange
CSL-1 type object is in the center, about 7 CSL-1 widths down from
the top (North) edge, 28 arc-sec.

If you care to take some time to just relax into gazing into the
third merged middle image between these two identical views, you
may find in a few minutes that many subtle features and textures
emerge into awareness.

I used the same image settings as in #7, but made a crop on the
right side to include many interesting features: 1384 X 3136 p bmp
12.4 MB , which I doubled into a stereo pair, each 367 X 835 p,
saved as bmp 2.25 MB, png 0.984 MB and pzp 1.01 MB, and uploaded
the png to Flickr.


http://www.flickr.com/photos/6874482...n/photostream/

astroOACDF215d01c

http://photos13.flickr.com/16390730_02bdac1b37_b.jpg

#9 CSL-1 is to the left of the lower center, with two similar complex,
orange objects, in the upper left corner, and the top right edge.

I started the same as with #2. From the ESO.org site, I downloaded
ESO PR Photo 15d/01, Hi-Res JPEG 2768 X 3668 pixels 6.2 MB 5.5 X
6.5 arc-minutes.

From the ESO.org site, I downloaded ESO PR Photo 15d/01, Hi-Res
JPEG 2768 X 3668 pixels 6.2 MB 5.5 X 6.5 arc-minutes.

I used an excellent low cost image processing program,MGI
PhotoSuite 4.0 to crop off the text on the bottom, leaving the
image 2768 X 3136 p 5.5 X 6 min.

The Touchup feature next:

Soften: reduced from 3 to 0, as I wanted to maximize the raw detail.

Color Adjustment: Cyan-Red now raised to + 50 Magenta-Green +100
Yellow-Blue -100, as empirically this much increased the Red band,
balancing the Green band, creating an image with complex details --
much more challenging to view and appreciate. Brightness was raised
twice as much to +60, and the image was saved: 2768 X 3136 bmp 24.8
MB png with 1 out of 9 levels of compression 11.6 MB -- twice the 5
MB upload limit for Flickr.

I used Crop to get this interesting selection:

2010 X 1502 p tif 11.8 MB png 4.82 MB

Click on All Sizes to see Large and Original.

If we imagine a clock face at CSL-1 to show directions, then at
7:30 at 7 widths of CSL-1 distance, 28 sec, we find a tangled
cluster, 8 sec wide, of small, irregular dark red spots and lines,
which seem to be a dense mesh that includes less dark red lines and
lighter green lines.

Click on All Sizes to see the Large and the even larger Original --
the file I uploaded.

At first, the dark red spots and tangled darker red lines always
seem to be behind all lighter features. But it's difficult to
assess such complex, unfamiliar, fractile three dimensional meshes.

If we look at 4:00 to 5:00 clock direction, 2 to 4 widths of CSL-1,
4-8 sec, we see a few longer, thinner, curved, much lighter lines
-- and we may see everywhere complex meshes of tangled lighter
lines, interwoven with the darker lines.

If we gaze at 3:00 nine widths, 36 sec, we find a bright star, and
two widths to its right, a tiny light fuzzy spot that expands
upward to define a curved fan shape, barely visible, yet
persistent, about 4 widths high and wide, 8 sec. We can discern
this fan shape in the Large and Original views. Keep gazing -- you
may start to see more subtle shapes, adjacent and overlapping the
fan.

Some of the lighter lines often seem to be boundaries of these
subtle, fairly transparent features, like oil floating on water.

If you look from CSL-1 to the 10:30 direction, about 40% of the way
to the large galaxy on the left upper edge, you may discern a
brighter green line, and a tangle of darker red lines, along with a
white nebular streak. Switch back and forth from Large to Original
to assess these items.

Practice developes subtle visual skills, like learning to instantly
recognize the subtle impressions of animal feet in a field of wild
grass.


http://www.flickr.com/photos/6874482...n/photostream/

astroOACDF215a01c

http://photos10.flickr.com/16600181_366762f1fd_o.png

#10 from the right side of Capodimonte Deep Field's OACDF2, with CSL-1 in
the lower right corner area.

1402 X 1929 p tif 10.6 MB png 4.68 MB

With care, you can spot CSL-1 and the two similar objects.

In this Medium image, notice how the background color has many obvious
reddish and greenish regions.

Notice the many long straight lines of tiny galaxies.

Near the left edge in the middle is a bright green tangle of lines
-- click on All Sizes to study this in Large and Original, as well
as the details of the reddish and greenish regions.

By now you may agree that these many and diverse subtle background
features are real. They are much clearer, if you download and image
process the original press release images yourself, and especially
if you can find the original minimally processed Capodimonte Deep
Field images. You are invited to share your images and comments on
the Flickr group, AstroDeep.

Starting with the ESO PR Photo 15a/01 Hi-Res JPEG 3000 X 3190 p 7.3
MB, Crop off the bottom text: 3000 X 2588 p tif 30.5 MB

Image process as before, and crop from the right side:
tif 11.8 MB png 4.82 MB for # 10.

Also, for # 11, #12, and # 13 crop into thirds from right (West) to
left (East), to make thirds: 1022 X 2588 p tif 10.4 MB 10.7 X 35
min 640 X 2100 sec with png sizes 4.59, 4.49, and 4.56 MB.


http://www.flickr.com/photos/6874482...n/photostream/

astroOACDF215a01d

http://photos11.flickr.com/16663830_9ae832be52_o.png

#11 The right third from top to bottom of OACDF2 in the Capodimente Deep
Field, with CSL-1 well below the large galaxy.

This image and # 12 and #13 cover the whole OACDF2 field from right
(West) to left (East) in thirds.

Starting with the ESO PR Photo 15a/01 Hi-Res JPEG 3000 X 3190 p 7.3
MB, Crop off the bottom text: 3000 X 2588 p tif 30.5 MB

Image process as before, and crop from the right side: tif 11.8 MB
png 4.82 MB for # 10.

Also, for # 11, #12, and # 13 crop into thirds from right (West) to
left (East), to make thirds: 1022 X 2588 p tif 10.4 MB 10.7 X 35
min 640 X 2100 sec with png sizes 4.59, 4.49, and 4.56 MB.

Again, notice the reddish and greenish regions.

Click on All Sizes to view Large and Original.

Relax into gazing at this large-scale view. Above the left edge of
the large galaxy about two-thirds of the way to the top edge are
both red and green clusters of lines.

At the same level on the left edge, notice a long line of small
galaxies that extends roughly towards the large galaxy. Look for
other such apparent lines.


http://www.flickr.com/photos/6874482...n/photostream/

astroOACDF215a01e

http://photos14.flickr.com/16663831_4fe6488256_o.png

#12 The middle third from top to bottom of OACDF2 from the Capodimonte Deep
Field

1022 X 2588 p tif 10.4 MB png 4.49 MB 10.7X35 min = 640X2100 sec

Click on All Sizes and select Large and the Original.

Notice the bright green feature over on the right, just above the
middle, which seems to be a tangle of crooked green lines -- also
prominent in #10.

There is a jewel of an object in the middle of the top half.

The bottom third is rather reddish.


http://www.flickr.com/photos/6874482...n/photostream/

astroOACDF215a01f

http://photos13.flickr.com/16663832_59d06f89fe_o.png

#13 the left (East) third from top (North) to bottom of OACDF2 from the
Capodimonte Deep Field

1022 X 2588 p tif 10.4 MB png 4.56 MB 10.7 X 35 min = 640 X 2100 sec


http://www.flickr.com/photos/6874482...n/photostream/

astroOACDF215b01c

http://photos14.flickr.com/16827386_d7b3b90025_b.jpg

#14 From the top left corner of OACDF2 in the Capodimonte Deep Field

See also in #13

2224 X 1618 p tif 14.1 MB png 4.84 MB


http://www.flickr.com/photos/6874482...n/photostream/

astroOACDF215c01c

http://photos9.flickr.com/16827387_400498df00_b.jpg

#15 Half way up towards the top (North) edge from the center of OACDF2 in
the Capodimonte Deep Field

See also in #12

2704 X 1324 p tif 14.0 MB png 4.93 MB


http://www.flickr.com/photos/6874482...n/photostream/

astroOACDF215e01c

http://photos10.flickr.com/16910908_0f941ee7e9_b.jpg

#16 galaxy cluster in the lower left of the OACDF2 field.

See also # 13

Notice the increased density of green in the lower third or so.

In Large size, with my wide reading glass, it seems that the tiny,
far away red galaxies blend into the red mesh of tangled lines, and
that some of the tangled red lines seem to lie in front of tiny
background green spots that are twice to several times wider.

This indicates that the red mesh in general is closer and less red
shifted than the green mesh.

In turn, this suggests that the green mesh must be more distant,
higher energy light, perhaps ultraviolet, redshifted to green.

All this seems to fit fairly well the images from the recent
Millennium Simulation:

www.mpa-garching.mpg.de/galform/millennium/ images

http://www.mpa-garching.mpg.de/galfo...um/0504097.pdf 800 MB

See # 18 and # 19.

2168 X 1697 p tif 14.4 MB png 4.91 MB


http://www.flickr.com/photos/6874482...n/photostream/

astroOACDF215f01c

http://photos13.flickr.com/16910909_c8264e7dad_b.jpg

#17 From the right side middle of OACDF2

See also # 11.

1871 X 1765 p tif 12.9 MB png 4.89 MB


http://www.flickr.com/photos/6874482...n/photostream/

astroMSseqF_063aL

http://photos12.flickr.com/18135101_1ef7723b85_o.jpg

# 18 The Millennium Simulation, announced 2005.06.02 by the Virgo
consortium, used the largest supercomputer in Europe, at the German
Astrophysical Virtual Observatory, for over a month to model the
history of the Universe in a cube over 2 billion light years on a
side, holding 20 million galaxies.

This image is a closeup of the results at redshift z = 0, showing a
15 MPC/h thick slice, showing the mass distribution, not the
visible light.

2048 X 1536 pixels jpg 2.07411 MB

You can magnify this image 8X to see pixels of 1 mm size on a 17"
monitor.

The distance measure Mpc/h has been used for decades to adjust to
the fact that the Hubble constant = H has not been exactly
determined. Mpc is megaparsecs. A parsec is 3.26 light years. The
Millennium Simulation used the value 0.73 for the Hubble constant
H.

To get the distance in MPC, we multiply their value by 100/H =
100/0.73 = 1.37 , which for the scale bar of 31.25 Mpc/h becomes
42.8 Mpc = 139.6 Ly.

This image has a width, directly measured on my monitor, of 91.1
Mpc/h = 124.8 Mpc = 406.9 MLy.

The huge, densely packed galaxy cluster, holding thousands of
galaxies, for the greenish central region, has a length of about
2/13.6 = 14.7 % of the image width = 60 MLy. In contrast, the
nearest large neighbor to our Milky Way galaxy is Andromeda galaxy
at 2.2 MLy distance.

The distribution of mass in the Universe is very fractile -- it
looks just as complex and very much the same at a very wide range
of distance scales.

So, even though I do not know how wide this image would be in terms
of angular measures (degrees, minutes, seconds), it is probably
justified to compare it to the Capodimonte Deep Field subtle
background visible light images.

Many features are the same: complex 3D fractile network, with
bright boundaries around both brighter (more dense) and dimmer
(more empty) regions, and both brighter and thicker and thinner and
dimmer lines. I don't believe that the MS image includes
gravitational lensing, which must be a complex factor in the CDF
images.

Click on All Sizes to view Large and Original.

www.pparc.ac.uk/Nw/millennium_sim.asp The Virgo consortium

www.mpa-garching.mpg.de/galform/millennium/

http://www.mpa-garching.mpg.de/galfo.../seqF_063a.jpg

arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0504097
Simulating the joint evolution of quasars, galaxies and their large-scale
distribution

pil.phys.uniroma1.it/debate3.html
On the fractile structure of the universe Sylos Labini, Montuori &
Pietronero


http://www.flickr.com/photos/6874482...n/photostream/

astroMSgalseq_D_063

http://photos13.flickr.com/18135102_07a58fd89d_o.jpg

# 19 The Millennium Simulation, announced 2005.06.02 by the Virgo
consortium, used the largest supercomputer in Europe, at the German
Astrophysical Virtual Observatory, for over a month to model the
history of the Universe in a cube over 2 billion light years on a
side, holding 20 million galaxies.

This image is a closeup of the results at redshift z = 0, showing a
15 MPC/h thick slice, showing the visible light distribution, which
closely follows the mass distribution. The view is four times wider
than in #18, so that the width of the image is 1628 MLy. The length
of the central large and dense galaxy cluster is about 60 MLy.


1024 X 768 pixels jpg 0.970950 MB

The distance measure Mpc/h has been used for decades to adjust to
the fact that the Hubble constant = H has not been exactly
determined. Mpc is megaparsecs. A parsec is 3.26 light years. The
Millennium Simulation used the value 0.73 for the Hubble constant
H.

To get the distance in MPC, we multiply their value by 100/H =
100/0.73 = 1.37 .

The huge, densely packed galaxy cluster, holding thousands of
galaxies, for the greenish central region, has a length of about 60
MLy. In contrast, the nearest large neighbor to our Milky Way
galaxy is Andromeda galaxy at 2.2 MLy distance.

The distribution of mass in the Universe is very fractile -- it
looks just as complex and very much the same at a very wide range
of distance scales.

So, even though I do not know how wide this image would be in terms
of angular measures (degrees, minutes, seconds), it is probably
justified to compare it to the Capodimonte Deep Field subtle
background visible light images.

Many features are the same: complex 3D fractile network, with
bright boundaries around both brighter (more dense) and dimmer
(more empty) regions, and both brighter and thicker and thinner and
dimmer lines. I don't believe that the MS image includes
gravitational lensing, which must be a complex factor in the CDF
images.

Click on All Sizes to view Original.

www.pparc.ac.uk/Nw/millennium_sim.asp The Virgo consortium

www.mpa-garching.mpg.de/galform/millennium/

http://www.mpa-garching.mpg.de/galfo...lseq_D_063.jpg

arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0504097
Simulating the joint evolution of quasars, galaxies and their large-scale
distribution

pil.phys.uniroma1.it/debate3.html
On the fractile structure of the universe Sylos Labini, Montuori &
Pietronero
**************************************************************


Flickr serves to facilitate groups of people joining to share and discuss
images.
Any visitor or Free member ( immediate sign-up ) can view and download your
photos in many sizes, if you select that option, upload their own photos and
notes, and join your group, but only fellow Pro members ( cost $25 yearly )
can download your full size original images. You are welcome to contact me
directly:

Rich Murray, MA Room For All rmforall@comcast.net 505-501-2298
1943 Otowi Road Santa Fe, New Mexico 87505 USA

Your new permanent name is rmforall .
Now you can direct people to your Flickr pages! Here are the addresses you
can use to show people your photos (and your Flickr profile).

http://www.flickr.com/photos/rmforall/

http://www.flickr.com/people/rmforall/


http://www.flickr.com/help.gne#18

1. What is Flickr?
Flickr is the best way to store, sort, search and share your photos
online. There is a huge mass of photos in the world, and Flickr
provides a way to organize yours, and for you and your friends and
family to tell your stories about them. The best way to learn about
it is to upload some photos, explore the site, join some groups and
make some friends. There is more information about Flickr and who
is responsible on our About Page.

2. Will Flickr always be free? Yes, there will always be a free
version of Flickr. It will be limited in certain ways and you get
more with your paid subscription, but it's still fun! There is the
option of upgrading to a Flickr Pro Account, for just $24.95 (US)
per year. You can also buy a Pro Account for a friend if you're
feeling generous.

Members of the general public who aren't members of Flickr can
never comment on your photos.

83. What are the system requirements? Although there are no system
requirements to run Flickr, for PCs, Macs or Linux, we recommend
any recent version of a Mozilla-based browser, including Firefox
and Mozilla. On a Mac you can also use the most recent version of
Apple's Safari browser. On a PC, Microsoft Internet Explorer 6 (or
greater) will also work well. To get the most out of Flickr, you'll
want to have the latest version of Macromedia's Flash plugin
installed. We do recommend that you use a reasonably powerful
computer, and a fast Internet connection, because that will make it
more fun. Note: Flickr does not currently support the Mac IE
browser.

3. Can I pay to keep more of my photos on Flickr? Absolutely!
Upgrade to a Pro Account for just US$24.95 a year. Here's what
you'll get with a Pro Account: 2 GB monthly upload limit Unlimited
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Compare that to what you get with a Free Account: 20 MB monthly
upload limit 3 photosets Photostream views limited to the 200 most
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information, visit our upgrade page.

14. How do I share my photos with people? There are several ways...
People who pop by to visit Flickr will be able to see your public
photos. Here are some other ways to share: You can blog any public
photo in the system, You can set up your own Flickr web address
(like http://www.flickr.com/photos/george/), and share it with all
your friends, You can send individual photos to people, either as
attachments to an email, or pointing them to a photo's Flickr page,
or You can make a Flickr badge, and put it on your own website.

5. How do I upload my photos? We provide a range of uploading tools
to help you get your photos into Flickr, for both Windows and Mac
users. You can send your photos into Flickr via email as well.
Everyone is provided with their own 'magic' email addresses: 1) to
upload your photos to your Flickr photostream, and 2) to upload
your photos to your Flickr photostream AND to post the photo to
your blog automatically. Configure your Upload-Via-Email settings
here. You can also use a web form to upload up to six photos at a
time from the upload page, if you'd rather not install any of our
tools.

6. What's this Photostream thingy? Your photostream is a history of
everything you have ever uploaded in Flickr. Depending on their
relationship to you, everyone enjoys a different view of your
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your photos to everyone who visits your stream, or single out
particular photos that you only want your family or friends to see.
By the way, if you have a free account, your photostream will only
display the last 200 photos you have uploaded, 10 per page. If you
have a Pro Account, everything is displayed.

7. Is there a limit on the number of photos I can have? No. There
is only a limit to how many will display at any one time (the most
recent 200 photos in your photostream), and this is only a limit if
you have a Free Account. If you have Free Account, your upload
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bandwidth you've used by going to the upload page. If you upgrade
to a Pro Account, all the photos you add to Flickr will be
permanently available for your friends and family to see.

8. What are the size limits and file types on photos? Flickr
officially supports JPEGs, non-animated GIFs and PNGs. If you have
free account, each photo you upload must be less than 5MB in size.
If you have a pro account, each file must be less than 10MB. Each
photo is compressed and re-sized by Flickr (if necessary), and is
available in the following sizes: 75x75 pixels 120 pixels (on the
longest side) 240 pixels 500 pixels Large And the original size (if
you hold a pro account) [ up to 10 MB size ] You can access all of
these sizes for a photo via a link under the photo title labelled
'View different sizes', from its individual page. We also store
your high-resolution originals for you if you have a Pro Account,
which you (and your friends with Pro Accounts) can download again
at anytime. All Pro Account holders can access public photos and
download the high-resolution (original) size, unless you specify
who has access to the downloadable image.

13. I noticed that the photos I upload are resized. Can I access my
original images? We do resize your photos to more web-friendly
dimensions. Each image has a 75x75 pixel thumbnail, a 120 px, a 240
px, a 500 px and a 1024 px version (that's the length of the
longest side), as well as your original file. When you are viewing
an individual photo's page, you will see a link under the photo
title labelled 'View a larger version' that links to a page where
you can view each of these sizes, and download them if you wish. If
you have a free account, no-one (including you) can access your
original file. If you have a pro account, your original files are
available for download. There is a global setting in your account
where you can specify who you will allow to download originals:
Only You, Your Friends and/or Family, Your Contacts, Any Flickr
User (Recommended), or Anyone. Also, if you have attached any sort
of Creative Commons license to your photo, this assumes that you're
OK with sharing the photo, and therefore, makes the original
available to anyone who wants it.

19. How do I download a photo? Select the photo you'd like to
download. Click the 'All Sizes' button along the top of the photo.
This takes you to another page where you can select the size of the
photo you wish to download. (Bear in mind, you may not have
permission to download the original file.)

20. How can I tell when people leave comments? Any time someone
leaves a comment about one of your photos, you will see a little
flag on your home page ('You have new comments!'), which points you
to a summary page of new comments. If you've clicked through and
viewed your new comments, this flag is removed from your home page
when you end your session (close your browser). You can also see a
history of all the comments you've made on other people's photos
here.

21. Can anybody comment on my photos? Most of the time, yes, unless
you say you don't want them to. We recommend that any Flickr user
be able to comment on your photos... but you don't have to go that
way if you don't want to. There is a page available in your account
area that lets you specify default settings for what you'd like
most of the time. You can change this for each individual photo if
you wish. If someone leaves a comment on a photo that you don't
like, you can choose to delete it, as well as prevent that
individual from commenting on your photos in future.

22. How do I get the URL of a photo? Some websites will ask you to
provide a URL to a photo (for example, when you add a photo to your
Blogger profile). To use this method, you need to provide the web
address (URL) of the image itself, not the address of the web page
where the image is being displayed. Here's an example of a correct
URL for a photo: »
http://www.flickr.com/photos/132375_0ca82ae31e.jpg Here's an
example of a incorrect URL for a photo. (It points to the web page
where the image is displayed, not the image file itself. You'll
notice there's no .jpg on the end.) »
http://www.flickr.com/photos/eric/132375/ (Click on both of these
links so you can see the difference...) To get the URL of the
actual image file, first find the photo you want to use. Then you
should see an 'View different sizes' link to the right of the
photo, or you can use the 'All sizes' link next to the photo.
Select the photo size you want from the available options (square,
thumbnail, medium, and large or original if you have permission to
access these). If you're looking at one of your own photos, you
will see two text fields underneath the photo. The first one
contains the URL to the image itself, and the second one contains a
snippet of HTML that will produce the photo on your website, with a
link back to the photo page here on Flickr. Simply copy and paste
the one you're after into your website. Note: The URL should end in
..jpg. If it doesn't, you probably aren't viewing the image on its
own. If you're trying to get the URL of an image that you don't
own, you may not be able to access the Different Sizes page
(because the owner isn't allowing downloads of their photo). Note:
Our Terms of Use dictate that whenever you place an image you're
storing on Flickr on an external website, you also need to include
a link back to Flickr.

24. What is Organizr and how do I use it? Organizr is a great way
of managing all of your photos. Within Organizr you can browse
through your photos, search for photos using titles, descriptions
or tags, create a photoset, insert photos into your groups and
more. Browsing photos Select the Browse tab on the Organizr home
page. Click 'Load all your photos'. This displays all photos you
have entered into Flickr. Note the timeline on the bottom of the
page. You can browse photos from whatever time period you specify
-- simply by dragging the white bars to the left or right. You'll
see the dates and number of photos change at the top of the folder.
Searching photos Now select the Search tab. You have a couple of
options here. One is to enter the word or phrase yourself and click
'Search'. All words that you enter in the text box will bring up
photos using those tags. Note that using quotes around a phrase
does not limit the search to the phrase only. Another option is to
select the tags by clicking the boxes next to your tags. If you
don't see all of your tags there, click the link from 'load all
your tags'. You can search using all or any of the tags you've
selected. Just click the Search button to bring up your photo(s).
Creating a photoset Click 'Create a new set' on the bottom right of
the page. Add a title, a description and then drag a photo onto the
white square. Drag other photos into the grey area on the right
until you're happy with your set. Click Save and you've built a
set! Inserting photos into groups And inserting photos into your
groups is easily accomplished by selecting the 'Your groups' tab.
Then just drag and drop a photo into whatever group you choose. In
the near future we plan on adding a feature that will allow you to
insert entire photo sets into your groups.

36. Can anyone leave a comment? Most of the time, yes, unless you
say you don't want them to. We recommend that any Flickr user be
able to comment on your photos... but you don't have to go that way
if you don't want to. There is a page available in your account
area which lets you specify default settings for what you'd like
most of the time. You can change this for each individual photo if
you wish. Members of the general public who aren't members of
Flickr can never comment on your photos.

58. How are groups administered? The creator of a group is
automatically made an Admin of that group. That means they have the
power to Promote other users to become Admins, to Kick users out of
the group and to Ban users permanently. The only way to become the
Admin of a group that someone else has started is for the Admin (or
one of the Admins, if there are more than one) to promote you.
There can be an unlimited number of Admins.

60. How do I share a photo with a group I belong to? Easy! If you
belong to the group, just add your photo to the group pool (if not,
join the group first). The easiest way is to go to the photo's
page, and click on the "Send to Group" button on the left side.
Click that, then choose the group you want to send it to, and
you're done! If you have more than one photo you want to add, the
best way is to use Organizr. When the Organizr loads, you'll see a
'Your groups' tab on the right-hand panel. Find the photos you want
to add, and drag them onto the group! (There's more information and
a video of this process here.) Once a photo is in a group pool,
only you and the group adminstrators can remove it.

61. How do I place an image into a post or comment? You can post an
image in a forum by getting your photo's URL first. Go to the photo
you'd like to post, click the "View different sizes" link and grab
(copy) the URL. Then when you get to your group's thread, in your
post use the tag "img src="http://...". To change the size of the
image in your post, place an extension on the filename. For
example, 111111_1111_s.jpg. Here are the extensions: Square: _s
Thumbnail: _t Small: _m Medium: (none - default) Large: _b
Original: _o

62. Who can see photos in a group pool? Adding a photo to a group
pool allows any group member to view your photo, and add notes,
tags and comments, regardless of its current privacy settings. Your
photo will retain the privacy settings you've created for anyone
who isn't a member of this group. It will also stay in your
photostream, available to everyone else who can view it. You (or a
group adminstrator) can remove your photo from the pool at any
time.

69. Can I point my friends towards a page that's mine in Flickr?
Yes! You can make your very own Flickr web address. You just need
to choose an alias which will represent your Flickr page. Once
you've set your alias, this cannot be changed, so think carefully!
Then you will have two addresses which you can share with your
friends, that will look a bit like these:

For your photos page: http://www.flickr.com/photos/rmforall/

For your profile: http://www.flickr.com/people/rmforall/
**************************************************************

Neil

"Rich Murray" <rmforall@att.net> wrote in message
news:11alukl4m7sdk48@news.supernews.com...
> http://groups.yahoo.com/group/AstroDeep/11 subtle background
> structure in deep astronomy photos; CSL-1 cosmic string
> gravitational lens in Capodimonte Deep Field; Millennium Simulation
> of evolving cosmic structure; AstroDeep group; Murray mesh;
> www.Flickr.com
>
> Rich Murray, MA Room For All rmforall@comcast.net 505-501-2298
> 1943 Otowi Road Santa Fe, New Mexico 87505 USA
>
> http://groups.yahoo.com/group/AstroDeep/ AstroDeep@yahoogroups.com
> This group was started 2002.01.19, and allows sharing and
> discussion of 100KB jpg photos. A new AstroDeep group is available
> on Flickr.com to share png photos, up to 5 to 10 MB size, with many
> sizes viewable of each photo.
>
> http://www.flickr.com/groups/97329064@N00/
>
> About AstroDeep:
>
> Share and discuss ultra deep sky astronomy photos, up to 5 MB each,
> that show mysterious, fascinating, and unexplained subtle
> background structure: appears to be a very distant 3D fractile
> tangle of dark and light spots, threads, and lines, behind all
> galaxies, which I named 'Murray mesh' in January 2002.
>
> I'd like a self-organizing community of people to evolve to enjoy
> and study this wonder in the spirit of free, civil, open-minded
> scientific sharing, serious, playful, and aesthetic, and including
> professionals as well as amateurs. Skeptical assessments are
> welcome, in case the subtle features are artifacts of
> instrumentation, processing, or perception.
>
<snip>
> For your photos page: http://www.flickr.com/photos/rmforall/
>
> For your profile: http://www.flickr.com/people/rmforall/
> **************************************************************
>

I don't know to what extent you or others did your own processing, but
here's a "processing" tip: you would be amazed at how much quality faint
detail you can pull in from black backgrounds by adjusting the screen
brightness and contrast off Windows. It depends on your setup, but you can
usually pull that gain grip up and just brighten up that dark background and
show all kinds of faint objects (in effect, turning a 0, 3 brightness step
into about a 3, 20 or so that you can see.) It looks as good as what you
would take longer to get right in PhotoShop type programs. But don't leave
it like that, it's not good for the monitor.

Neil Bates