# Z boson

by happy42er
Tags: boson
 P: 2 Why was is it needed to include the Z boson along with the W's... is the theory nonrenoramalizable without it?
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P: 2,886
 Quote by happy42er Why was is it needed to include the Z boson along with the W's... is the theory nonrenoramalizable without it?
Right. To have a renormalizable theory, one must have a U(1) x SU(2) gauge invariance. After spontaneous symmetry breaking, two of the gauge fields of the SU(2) symmetry as well as one linear combination of the U(1) generator and tau_3 generator acquire a mass..Those are the Z,W+,W-. The other, orthogonal, linear combination of the generators give the massless photon. If one simply throws in a W+ and W-, there is no gauge symmetry and the theory can't be made renormalizable.
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## Z boson

 Quote by arivero http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/p...ow-lecture.pdf
very interesting reference. Thanks!
P: 3
 Quote by happy42er Why was is it needed to include the Z boson along with the W's... is the theory nonrenoramalizable without it?
I thought though that the reason why the Z and W bosons where included was because without them the theory violated unitarity.

Isn't that so?
 P: 527 I'm not sure about unitarity or renormalizability but one way to think about it was if the theory was SU(2) the theory has no mutually commuting generators so it's can describe theory of electromagnetism.
 P: 986 You can describe low-energy limit of weak interaction without intermediate bosons, that's called Fermi theory, but it is not renormalizable. A theory with spontaneously broken SU(2) x U(1) symmetry group nicely describes everything, and SU(2) x U(1) just happens to have 4 generators, which become a photon and three new gauge bosons. I don't think that unitarity enters in any way.
P: 3
 Quote by hamster143 You can describe low-energy limit of weak interaction without intermediate bosons, that's called Fermi theory, but it is not renormalizable. A theory with spontaneously broken SU(2) x U(1) symmetry group nicely describes everything, and SU(2) x U(1) just happens to have 4 generators, which become a photon and three new gauge bosons. I don't think that unitarity enters in any way.
When I referred to unitarity I meant that in the Fermi theory there are cross sections that grow with the energy.

For example:

$$\sigma(e \nu \rightarrow e \nu) \propto {G_F}^2 s$$

Since cross sections express the likelihood of interaction between particles, what happens is that at sufficient high energies the probability of some process happening is greater than 1. In the Fermi theory this energies are around $$\sqrt{s}$$=300 GeV.

That's why I thought that there was a problem with unitarity.

After looking into it now I'd say that the theory had both problems, it wasn't renormalizable and it violated unitarity.

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