declination of the Sun

Maria76

Hi,

This might sound like a simple question, but it's not for me.

I'm standing at the Tropic of Cancer - what would be the declination of the Sun on the Spring equinox. I believe it should be zero degrees, but my brother says it's 23.5 degrees. Can anybody shed light?

Thanks in advance.

Maria

tiny-tim

Hi Maria! Welcome to PF!

At an equinox, the Sun is overhead (at midday) at the equator.

Maria76

Hi Tiny-Tim,

Thanks for your answer.

Now I'm having a little trouble visualizing the situation ...

If the Sun is overhead at midday at an equinox at the equator, it means that the solar altitude is 90 degrees. At the Tropics, which are at latitude 23.5 degrees, the solar altitude would be at 66.5 degrees (90 - 23.5) ... is that right? If I'm visualizing it properly, it means that the Sun's declination is 23.5 degrees at the Tropics at an equinox, and 0 degrees at the equator.

But then I'm thinking that at the equinox, the Earth's rotation axis is perpendicular to the line of intersection between the ecliptic and the equator of the celestial sphere ... so that's what makes me think that the Sun's declination is 0 degrees, because the Sun is also perpendicular to that line of intersection.

Have I totally misunderstood? I think I may have confused the Sun's declination with its altitude.

Thanks again.

Maria

tiny-tim

hmm … looking at wikpedia, declination of a star is the amount north or south of the celestial equator, and so is the same for all positions on the Earth.

Marty-0750

Declination of the Sun on the celestial sphere is 0 degrees at the March Equinox.

If you are standing at the Tropic of Cancer you are 23.5 degrees north of the equator. The Sun will culminate (highest) at local noon at a zenith distance 23.5 degrees or an altitude above northern horizon at 66.5 degees

Marty

Maria76

Hi Marty & Tiny-Tim.

Let me see if I have this right. As Tiny-Tim says, declination of a star is the amount north or south of the celestial equator, and so is the same for all positions on the Earth. In that case, if I am standing at the Tropic of Cancer, the declination of the Sun is 0 degrees at the equinox. But it has an altitude of 66.5 degrees above the horizon. Do I have it right?

Thanks again.

Maria

Marty-0750

Yep.

Marty

tiny-tim

Yep.

Maria76

Hi again,

Just out of curiosity, given that the altitude of a star is its height above the horizon, how would I be able to determine the altitude of a star without a telescope? I'd probably need something like a sextant or an astrolabe??? Or is there a more simple way?

Thanks again.

Maria

Marty-0750

For a metric ruler held at arms length, 1 cm is close to 1 degree across the sky.

Hold it out vertically and with one eye aligning the botton with 0 cm on horizon.

Align star with edge of ruler.

The cm reading is its approximate altitude +/- 1 degree

For refinment due to somewhat varying arm lengths for differnt people, measure length (L cm) from eye to ruler when you are holding ruler vertically.

The the angle (degrees) 1 cm subtends will be:

1 / L * 57.3

Marty