How is the Force Required to Expand Metal Rings Calculated in Forging?

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SUMMARY

The calculation of the force required to expand metal rings in forging operations, specifically for a Ring Expander machine, involves understanding the yield stress of the materials used, such as stainless steel, titanium, and 718 alloy. The approximate dimensions of the rings are 15 x 15 cm cross-section, with an inside diameter of 30 cm and an outside diameter of 60 cm. The yield stress for 718 alloy is noted to be below 600 MPa at the relevant temperatures. A more complex analysis beyond simple cross-sectional yield calculations is necessary due to the circular geometry of the rings.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of yield stress and material properties, particularly for stainless steel, titanium, and 718 alloy.
  • Knowledge of metal forging processes and machinery, specifically the mechanics of a Ring Expander.
  • Familiarity with the principles of elastic and plastic deformation in materials.
  • Basic engineering mathematics for force and stress calculations.
NEXT STEPS
  • Research the mechanics of circular ring expansion in metal forging.
  • Study the yield stress characteristics of 718 alloy at various temperatures.
  • Learn about the design and operation of Ring Expander machines.
  • Explore advanced material deformation theories, including plasticity and elasticity in circular geometries.
USEFUL FOR

Mechanical engineers, materials scientists, and professionals involved in metal forging operations who are designing or optimizing machinery for ring expansion processes.

brewnog
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I am designing a machine called a Ring Expander. Simply put, it's a machine used in metal forging operations to stretch metal rings (15 x 15cm cross section, 30cm inside diameter, 60cm outside diameter) by about 20mm on the diameter. It does this by forcing a cone through a set of jaws, which expand as the cone passes though them, the workpiece having been positioned around the jaws.

What I need to know is how to calculate the force required to expand these rings! Approximate dimensions are given above, materials include stainless steel and titanium, but also 718 alloy (which I believe has a yield stress below 600MPa at the temperatures I'm looking at). I played around with looking at the force required to cause yield at a single cross section, but as these rings are circular I suspect that my assumptions were too simple.

Any help would be appreciated! My engineering knowledge only goes as far as elastic behaviour of rings.

Thanks!
 

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