Finding Limit of Sequence a_n with Parameter k

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Discussion Overview

The discussion centers on finding the limit of the sequence \( a_n = \frac{1^k + 2^k + \ldots + n^k}{n^{k+1}} \) as \( n \) approaches infinity, where \( k \) is a parameter. The scope includes theoretical analysis and mathematical reasoning, particularly focusing on the applicability of Stolz's theorem and the behavior of the sequence for different values of \( k \).

Discussion Character

  • Exploratory
  • Mathematical reasoning
  • Debate/contested

Main Points Raised

  • One participant seeks to compute the limit using Stolz's theorem but expresses uncertainty about its applicability.
  • Another participant notes that for \( k < 0 \), the denominator is not strictly increasing, which raises concerns about the validity of Stolz's theorem.
  • For \( k \geq 0 \) and being an integer, Stolz's theorem is suggested as a suitable method for finding the limit, with a specific approach outlined involving the limit of a fraction.
  • There is a query regarding the case when \( k = -1 \), questioning whether the limit exists or approaches infinity.
  • A subsequent response asserts that for \( k = -1 \), the limit does not exist or is infinite, referencing the divergence of the harmonic series.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

Participants express differing views on the applicability of Stolz's theorem based on the value of \( k \). There is no consensus on the limit for \( k = -1 \), with one participant asserting it diverges while another raises the question without a definitive conclusion.

Contextual Notes

The discussion highlights limitations regarding the assumptions about \( k \) and the conditions under which Stolz's theorem can be applied. The implications of negative values for \( k \) are also noted, particularly concerning the behavior of the sequence.

Who May Find This Useful

This discussion may be of interest to those studying sequences and limits in mathematical analysis, particularly in the context of applying theorems like Stolz's theorem and exploring divergent series.

Nobody1111
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Find limit n-->infinity of sequence a_n:

a_n = (1^k+2^k+...+n^k)/(n^(k+1)), where k is parameter.

IThanks from advance for any help.

I tried to compute this limit using Stolz Theorem, but I don't know if I can do it in this way.
 
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What value can k take? The analysis below is for k being an integer and k>=0. For k<0 the denominator is not strictly increasing, so Stolz theorem doesn't hold.

For k>=0 and k being an integer, I think Stolz theorem is a good way to solve the problem:

By applying it... try to find the limit as n->infinity of:

[tex]\frac{(n+1)^k}{(n+1)^{(k+1)}-n^{(k+1)}}[/tex]

You can factor the denominator:

[tex](n+1)^{(k+1)}-n^{(k+1)}=[(n+1)-n][(n+1)^k +(n+1)^{(k-1)}n+(n+1)^{(k-2)}n^2+...][/tex]

Then if you divide both the numerator and denominator by [tex](n+1)^k[/tex] it should be easy to see the limit. Hint: the answer depends on k.
 
Last edited:
One more question: What if k=-1. The limit doesn't exist or limit equals to infinity?
 
Nobody1111 said:
One more question: What if k=-1. The limit doesn't exist or limit equals to infinity?

Yes, the limit does not exist (or another way to say it is the limit is infinity).

If you plug in k=-1 into your sequence you get:

[tex]a_n=\begin{array}{c}n\\\sum\\m=1\end{array}1/m[/tex]



Since [tex]\sum1/m[/tex] is a divergent series, as n->infinity a_n->infinity.
 

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