Why do transition elements have different charges?

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Discussion Overview

The discussion revolves around the charges of transition elements, specifically focusing on copper and its oxidation states. Participants explore the implications of these charges in chemical compounds and the terminology associated with them. The conversation touches on concepts of oxidation states, the stability of certain ions, and naming conventions in chemistry.

Discussion Character

  • Exploratory
  • Technical explanation
  • Conceptual clarification
  • Debate/contested

Main Points Raised

  • Some participants inquire about the use of a deflagrating spoon and the difference between copper (II) and copper (III) sulfide, expressing confusion over the significance of the Roman numerals.
  • One participant explains that the Roman numerals indicate the charge of the transition metal cation, noting that copper can form Cu+ and Cu2+ ions, while the Cu3+ ion is extremely unstable.
  • Another participant mentions that the terms "cuprous" and "cupric" are used in older naming conventions to differentiate between the lower and higher oxidation states of copper.
  • There is a correction regarding the term for the converse of sublimation, with some participants suggesting "decomposition" and others asserting it is "deposition," leading to a clarification that deposition is the correct term.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

Participants generally agree on the definitions of oxidation states and the naming conventions for copper compounds, but there is some disagreement regarding the terminology for the process opposite to sublimation, with multiple terms being proposed.

Contextual Notes

Some participants express uncertainty about the stability of certain oxidation states and the terminology used in different languages, indicating that there may be limitations in the definitions and terms discussed.

Who May Find This Useful

This discussion may be useful for students and enthusiasts of chemistry, particularly those interested in transition metals, oxidation states, and chemical nomenclature.

lwymarie
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1. What is the use of deflagrating spoon?
2. What is the difference between copper (II) sulphide and copper (III) sulphide? (I don't understand what the II, III or IV mean)
3. What is the term for the converse of sublimation?

thanks
 
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1. For safely combusting/reacting stuff that usually produces a lot of heat. So if you were to burn phosphorus or dunk sodium in water, you might want to use a DS. The long handle keeps you safely far from the nasty end.

2. Google or look up oxidation states. This is a big topic and can not be answered briefly.

3. Condensation or freezing - either can be used, even for going from gas to solid. Not sure if there's a more specific term.
 
Copper has ON ony +1 and +2...At least pick a correct example.Nitrogen is very interesting,from this perspective.

Daniel.
 
Technically, the opposite of sublimation, the process of going from a gas to a solid is decomposition.
 
Cesium said:
Technically, the opposite of sublimation, the process of going from a gas to a solid is decomposition.

While my English is limited I don;t think so. Decomposition is to separate or resolve into constituent parts or elements; disintegrate - it has nothing to do with the process opposite to sublimation.

In some languages process the OP asked for is called "resublimation" but it seems this term is not used in English.
 
Last edited by a moderator:
My apologies, it's Deposition
 
soo.. what is the difference between (II) and (III)?
 
One electron...?You're referring to ions,right...?Then,it's one electron.

Daniel.

P.S.Be more specific.
 
lwymarie said:
soo.. what is the difference between (II) and (III)?
In short, it stands for the charge of a transition metal cation.

Many transition elements can form different types of cations. This has to due with the d sublevel of electrons. For example, copper normally can form Cu+ and Cu+2. You mentioned the Copper (III) ion. The Cu+3 ion is extremely unstable (i think it only lasts for about 5 seconds in solution) and therefore Copper (III) compunds do not exist under normal conditions. Copper (I) and Copper (II) do exist though like...Copper (I) Sulfate and Copper (II) Sulfate:

Copper (I) Sulfate: Cu+ SO4-2 Therefore, Cu2SO4
Copper (II) Sulfate: Cu+2 SO4-2 Therefore, CuSO4

You also may encounter an older system of naming with the -ous suffix for the lesser ion and the -ic suffix for the greater one. So Cu2SO4 and CuSO4 are also known as Cuprous Sulfate and Cupric Sulfate, respectively.
 

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