Fermi Interaction of Electrons with Nuclei

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Discussion Overview

The discussion revolves around the Fermi contact interaction of electrons with nuclei, specifically focusing on the relationship between nuclear spins and electron spins, as well as implications for stability and energy levels in nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) contexts.

Discussion Character

  • Exploratory
  • Technical explanation
  • Conceptual clarification
  • Debate/contested
  • Homework-related

Main Points Raised

  • One participant questions whether the spins of nuclei interact with the spins of electrons and proposes a scenario involving magnetic field lines and stability.
  • Another participant suggests that the Fermi-Breit contact interaction relates to hyperfine splitting rather than stability, indicating that parallel spin states have lower energy.
  • A participant expresses confusion regarding the spin-spin coupling in NMR and questions the energy implications of parallel versus anti-parallel spins of adjacent nuclei.
  • There is a query about the exchange interaction and the orientation of the magnetic moment of a middle nucleus in a system with multiple nuclei and bonds.
  • One participant asserts that the Fermi-Breit contact interaction is negligible in molecular systems and suggests that a more complex long-range spin interaction mediated by electrons may be relevant.
  • A participant expresses interest in learning more about mediated interactions and requests book recommendations for further study.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

Participants express differing views on the nature of interactions between spins, the relevance of the Fermi contact interaction, and the implications for energy levels in NMR. The discussion remains unresolved with multiple competing perspectives.

Contextual Notes

Some participants highlight limitations in their understanding of exchange interactions and the specifics of mediated interactions, indicating a need for further clarification on these topics.

Who May Find This Useful

Readers interested in nuclear magnetic resonance, spin interactions, and the theoretical underpinnings of Fermi contact interactions may find this discussion relevant.

Winga
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Fermi Contact Interaction of Electrons with Nuclei

About this interaction, is it the spins of nuclei which interact with the spins of electrons?

So, if I draw the magnetic field line from the left nucleus via the pair of e- to the right nucleus and there is not anti-parallel field against it, this state will become stable, vice versa?
 

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I am not sure about your question. Are you referring to the Fermi-Breit contact interaction between the magnetic moments of the nucleus and an electron?
This leads to hyperfine splitting and is not related to stability.
It leads to line splitting with the parallel spin state lying lower.
 
Yes, this is what I want to know.

Actually, I have a problem about the principal of NMR, which is the spin-spin coupling/J-coupling.

I find that some reference books have not told that the spin interaction between two nuclei is via bonding electrons.

From Fermi-contact interaction, the two adjacent nuclei with parallel spin will raise in energy while they are anti-parallel to each other will lower the energy. So, what is this energy belongs to?
The nucleus/nuclei, the system...
 

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In this case, there are 3 nuclei and 2 bonds.

I don't understand what is exchange interaction, and what is the orientation of magnetic moment of the middle nucleus should be?
 

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In molecular systems, the F-B contact interaction I described, if between two nucleii, is completely negligible. You must be thinking of a more complicated long range spin interaction mediated, as you say by electrons. This is something else I am not familiar with. Sorry, I can't help you on that.
 
i have learned abt hyperfine interactions but not the mediated kind. Can you kindly let us know which book you are using? i would like to find out abt it too.
 

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