Is an atom a dipole due to its positive and negative charges?

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In summary, an isolated atom does not have an electric dipole moment in the absence of an external electric field. This is a shortcoming of the Bohr model of the hydrogen atom. However, an external electric field can induce a small electric dipole in the atom. Further discussion on this topic can be found at the provided link.
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Prashasti
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Can an atom be considered as an example of a dipole? It has positive charge in the nucleus and negative charge around it. So, can't it act as a dipole?
 
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No. In the absence of an external electric field an isolated atom does not carry any electric dipole moment. The electron has equal probability of being on one side of the nucleus or the other.

The absence of an electric dipole moment is one of the shortcomings of the Bohr model of the hydrogen atom.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bohr_model

On the other hand, an external electric field can shift the electron distribution and thus induce a small electric dipole.
 
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1. What is an atom?

An atom is the basic unit of matter, composed of a nucleus containing protons and neutrons, surrounded by electrons.

2. How are atoms classified?

Atoms are classified based on their number of protons, which determines their element. Elements with the same number of protons are placed in the same group on the periodic table.

3. What is a dipolar substance?

A dipolar substance is a molecule that has a permanent dipole moment, meaning there is an uneven distribution of charge within the molecule. This can occur when the molecule has polar bonds or an asymmetrical shape.

4. How do dipolar substances interact with each other?

Dipolar substances interact through dipole-dipole interactions, where the positive and negative ends of the molecules are attracted to each other. This results in stronger intermolecular forces and higher boiling points compared to non-polar substances.

5. Can atoms be broken down into smaller particles?

Yes, atoms can be broken down into smaller particles such as protons, neutrons, and electrons. However, these particles are considered fundamental and cannot be broken down further by chemical means.

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