Materials absorb radiation through a process called attenuation, where the energy of the radiation is reduced as it passes through the material. This can happen through different mechanisms such as absorption, scattering, and reflection.
An effective radiation shielding material must have a high atomic number, which means it has more protons in its nucleus, as this allows it to absorb more radiation. It should also have a high density and thickness to provide a physical barrier for the radiation to pass through.
Yes, there is a difference in the materials used for shielding different types of radiation. Alpha particles can be stopped by a sheet of paper, while beta particles may require thicker materials such as aluminum or plastic. Gamma radiation, on the other hand, requires denser materials like lead or concrete for effective shielding.
Radiation shielding protects humans by reducing their exposure to harmful radiation. When exposed to radiation, the cells in our bodies can be damaged, leading to health issues such as cancer. Shielding materials absorb or deflect the radiation, reducing the amount that reaches our bodies and minimizing potential harm.
No, radiation shielding materials do not become radioactive. They may become contaminated with radioactive particles if they are exposed to high levels of radiation, but they can be decontaminated and do not become radioactive themselves.