Fluid Mechanics - Pressure - U-Tube Manometer

Aerospace

A piston having a cross-sectional area of 0.07 m^2 is located in a cylinder containing water as shown in the figure. An open u-tube manometer is connected to the cylinder as shown. For h1=60 mm and h=100 mm, what is the value of the applied force, P, acting on the piston? The weight of the piston is negligible.


I'm confused because there is more than one "u"-shape in the figure, so, it's unclear to me how to proceed.

Help would be appreciated!

legend for figure :
p = piston
first weird looking h = h1
second weird looking h = h
piston is present on top of the water.
Force P downwards on piston.

Attached Thumbnails

 

OlderDan

The U on the right is the manometer. I've never seen a manometer filled with water on one side, but that's the way your diagram looks. Is there any air between the water and the mercury? It's not clear to me why the 60mm is given, but the height of the water relative to the top of the mercury is important

Aerospace

Here's a scan of the piston I'm talking about.

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Doc Al

This fact may help: Since the fluid is connected (and in hydrostatic equilibrium) the pressure at any height within the same fluid must be the same throughout.

Aerospace

Ok, so far this is what I've got. Let me know if I'm on the right track.

If you take the pressure at the piston as P1 then,
P1 + [tex]\gamma[/tex]H2O*h1 - [tex]\gamma[/tex]Hg*h = 0

Solve for p1 and then
P(Force)= p1*Area

Doc Al

Don't forget that the tube is open to the air. (But you are on the right track.)

Aerospace

Hmmm. I did take that into account when I did -[tex]\gamma[/tex](Hg)*h

Doc Al

That's the pressure due to the column of mercury. But what about the air on top of the mercury?

Aerospace

well, isn't the pressure at the open end supposed to be equal to zero?

Doc Al

Only if it's in a vacuum.

Aerospace

hmmm then what would it be? because my book says "at the open end the pressure is zero."

OlderDan

This is a matter of interpretation. If the book says zero, they intend for you to find only the extra force applied to the piston that is added to the force of air pressure already acting. Air pressure is the same on both sides, so it can be neglected if all you need is the extra force.

Don't forget to calculate the force. If all you have done is caclulate the added pressure, you are not finished.

Aerospace

so the force P = p1*A, correct?
I stated that above in my post...is this incomplete?

And in any case, if Pair was not neglected, how would you write it into the equation?

OlderDan

Sorry. I had missed your force calculation. That is OK.

If you had to include air pressure in the force you would need to look up the normal pressure of air (1 atmosphere) and multiply by the area of the piston to find the force the air exerts on the piston.

Doc Al

I was interpreting the problem as the piston being enclosed but the tube open to air. (But there's no good reason to think that the piston is enclosed.) I think OlderDan is correct, that they just want you to ignore the equal air pressure on both sides.