The maximum range of a missile_the earth is not flat

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Discussion Overview

The discussion revolves around the maximum range of a missile when accounting for the curvature of the Earth, contrasting this with the flat Earth model. Participants explore the implications of projectile motion, orbital mechanics, and the effects of air resistance on missile trajectories.

Discussion Character

  • Exploratory
  • Technical explanation
  • Debate/contested
  • Mathematical reasoning

Main Points Raised

  • Some participants assert that the maximum range for a flat Earth is achieved at a 45-degree launch angle, questioning how this changes with Earth's curvature.
  • One participant suggests that if a projectile's range exceeds the curvature of the Earth, it would enter orbit.
  • Another participant refines this by stating that the trajectory would be elliptical and would eventually fall back to Earth.
  • It is noted that the 45-degree launch angle is valid only in the absence of air resistance, and higher angles may be necessary for artillery.
  • Participants discuss the need to consider the changing gravitational force with altitude for long-range projectiles, leading to elliptical trajectories.
  • One participant raises a hypothetical scenario of launching a missile at a speed exceeding 7 miles per second.
  • Another participant emphasizes the importance of ignoring air resistance for long-distance missiles and considers the implications of an elliptical trajectory with a horizontal launch.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

Participants express differing views on the effects of air resistance and the appropriate launch angles for maximizing range. There is no consensus on the exact nature of the trajectory or the implications of Earth's curvature on missile range.

Contextual Notes

Limitations include assumptions about air resistance, the simplification of trajectories for short-range versus long-range projectiles, and the dependence on gravitational changes with altitude.

myleo727
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We know if the Earth is considered flat the maximum range is obtained when the missile is launched at an angle of 45 degrees. But what if we take into account the curvature of the earth? what is the maximum arc-length of the range? :confused:
Thank you!
 
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When the range of a projectile is such that it "misses" the Earth due to the Earth's curvature the projectile will go into orbit.
 
The problem is, it does go into an orbit. I think it's an ellipse...
 
sorry. a part of the ellipse. It'll fall back to the earth.
 
myleo727 said:
We know if the Earth is considered flat the maximum range is obtained when the missile is launched at an angle of 45 degrees. But what if we take into account the curvature of the earth? what is the maximum arc-length of the range? :confused:
Thank you!
First of all, the 45 degrees value is valid if there is no air resistance. If we take this into account we should use higher angles and this is what is done in artillery.
Secondly, even in the absence of air, the parabolic trajectory is an approximation valid for short range projectiles. In this case we can consider the Earth flat.
For long range artillery, like ICBM, the gravity changes with the altitude of the projectile, so you must consider an elliptic trajectory.
 
What happens if you shoot the rocket at more than... say... 7 miles per second?
 
Yeah...I'm now considering the long distance missile, and ignore air-resistance...
 
myleo727 said:
Yeah...I'm now considering the long distance missile, and ignore air-resistance...
Then you should consider the change of gravity with altitude (distance to the center of the Earth). The resulting equation of movement is an elliptic trajectory. If you shoot your missile horizontally and with enough velocity, you will have an elliptical orbit whose perigee is at the launch site (supposing no obstacles in the way), so you have a 40000 km range.
 
hmm. I think I just solved it. Thank you!:smile:
 

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