What is Construction: Definition and 246 Discussions

Construction is a general term meaning the art and science to form objects, systems, or organizations, and comes from Latin constructio (from com- "together" and struere "to pile up") and Old French construction. To construct is the verb: the act of building, and the noun is construction: how something is built, the nature of its structure.
In its most widely used context, construction covers the processes involved in delivering buildings, infrastructure and industrial facilities, and associated activities through to the end of their life. It typically starts with planning, financing, and design, and continues until the asset is built and ready for use; construction also covers repairs and maintenance work, any works to expand, extend and improve the asset, and its eventual demolition, dismantling or decommissioning.
As an industry, construction accounts for more than 10% of global GDP (6-9% in developed countries) and employs around 7% of the global workforce - over 273m people. The output of the global construction industry was worth an estimated $10.8 trillion in 2017.

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  1. J

    Building Better: Exploring Science and Engineering in Construction

    Hello everyone, I just joined the forum, after a bit of lurking on some various threads. It seems like a great forum. While I'm not a engineer, I am involved in various areas of construction, and I always try to back up my designs and work with as much science and engineering as I can. I hope...
  2. C

    Homemade vacuum chamber construction

    I hope you folks can help. I want to be able to pour a liquid from one container into two others in the absence of air. So I was thinking of making some sort of vacuum chamber out of 1/2" polycarbonate and some heavy duty plastic sleeving into which to place my hands and arms. Or am I being...
  3. E

    A Ballentine on construction of the (Galilean) symmetry generators

    In Problem 3.7, Ballentine says: The unitary operator ##U(v) = exp(iv·G)## describes the instantaneous ##(t = 0)## effect of a transformation to a frame of reference moving at the velocity ##v## with respect to the original reference frame. Its effects on the velocity and position operators are...
  4. Marilyn67

    I Construction of an Entangled Photon Source

    Hello, Happy New Year 2023 ! Interested in spontaneous parametric down-conversion (SPDC), and the possibility of creating entangled photon pairs, I studied several possible configurations with type 1 and type 2 nonlinear crystals. When using these crystals, the dominant phenomenon is second...
  5. I

    Calculating the energy savings of an insulated cavity in home wall construction

    I am a client who bought a new house and the cavity in the wall was not insulated. I can calculate the U value of the uninsulated wall and the U Value of the wall if it were insulated correctly. front the two different U values I want to calculate how much extra energy is being lost through a...
  6. Peter Morgan

    I The collapse of a quantum state as a joint probability construction

    The titular paper can be found here, https://doi.org/10.1088/1751-8121/ac6f2f, and on arXiv as https://arxiv.org/abs/2101.10931 (which is paginated differently, but the text and equation and section numbers are the same). Please see the abstract, but in part this 24 page paper argues that we...
  7. dlgoff

    New Car Battery Plant Construction in the Midwest

    Panasonic is going to build an electric car battery factory plant in DeSoto, KS. Will hire 4000 jobs at the plant and another 4000 jobs throughout the state. IIRC, the factory will cost 4 billion dollars to build. edit: corrected spelling of DeSoto
  8. theycallmevirgo

    Is there a good source for construction blueprint symbols?

    I've seen quite a few websites but I don't know how far to trust them. Is there a book I could use? Thanks so much Joe
  9. A

    Chemical plant design and construction

    Got some good resources on Chemical plant design and construction. A Chemical plant design and construction. B Chemical plant design and construction.
  10. T

    Wondering if there are any construction contractors on PF (looking for opinions)

    Hey everyone I am looking at an older home to buy and wondering how much of a pain in the butt it would be to extend the garage out wider vs just building a secondary garage? Attached is a picture for reference :smile:
  11. A

    Quantum Readable sources for C*-algebras and GNS construction?

    It is there a gentle introduction to C*-algebras and the GNS construction that is readable for physicists? You know, a text with an emphasis on QM that is formal enough to not be sloppy but not too much as to require a Ph.D in functional analysis to be read.
  12. M

    Geometric Construction (bisecting an angle with a compass and straightedge)

    In discussing flight mechanics with a (15 years younger) co-worker with a doctorate in Aerospace Engineering. We examined some angles and I happened to mention bisecting an angle. I told him in High School in the early 1970's we learned how to bisect an angle with compass, and straightedge...
  13. ergospherical

    Heavy Construction Equipment Tier List

    7. Fruehauf Super Dump The super dump has a load-bearing axle rated at as high as 13,000 pounds. The large distance between the first and last axles is in fact the maximum allowed under the federal bridge formula. Developed by Strong Industries, the super dump is renowned for its high payload...
  14. VictorMedvil

    How Do You Build A Quantum Computer?

    So I have heard that IBM and Google have constructed Quantum computers, how does one actually construct a Quantum computer? I would like as much detail as possible on the construction of one of these devices and how it works exactly, I wanted to buy a Spin Q Quantum computer and I understand how...
  15. H

    How to calculate the maximum stress in a rib of a complex construction

    A Construction is stiffened by a bottemplate with welded ribs. A flange welded to the inletpipe is bolted at the botomplate. I want to simulate the current situation. Therfore I need a handcalculation of the stresses in the ribs of the constuction. The forces and moments are working in the worst...
  16. S

    I Matrix construction for spinors

    I'm reading the book QFT by Ryder, in the section where ##\rm{SU(2)}## is discussed. First, he considered the group of ##2 \times 2## unitary matrices ##U## with unit determinant such that it has the form, $$U =\begin{bmatrix} a & b \\ -b^* & a^* \end{bmatrix}, \qquad \xi = \begin{bmatrix}...
  17. John Greger

    A Construction of real gamma matrices

    Hi! Is it possible to construct gamma matrices satisfying the Clifford algebra ##\{\gamma^\mu, \gamma^\nu \} = \eta^{\mu \nu}## that are *real*, for ##\eta = diag(-1,1,1)##? I know that I can construct them in principle from sigma matrices, but I don't know how to construct real gamma...
  18. GodfreyHW

    I Courant and Fritz, Construction of the real numbers

    In chapter 1, page 10, real numbers are found by confining them to an interval that shrinks to "zero" length (we consider subintervals ##I_0,\,I_1,...,\,I_n##). Basically, if ##x## is between ##c## and ##c+1##, then we can divide that interval into ten subintervals, and we can, then, have...
  19. ilper

    I The construction of particles in QFT

    In all books about QFT I have seen I can not find anything about what a localized particle concept is. Suddenly I found this note in Zee's 'QFT in nutshell' page 4: "As usual, we can form wave packets by superposing eigenmodes. When we quantize the theory, these wave packets behave like...
  20. mfb

    B Thirty Meter Telescope can resume construction

    Larger telescopes collect more light and, thanks to modern adaptive optics, achieve a better resolution. After several telescopes with ~10 m diameter three projects aim at much larger telescopes:Giant Magellan Telescope (GMT), Chile, 24.5 m diameter, 368 m2 area Thirty Meter Telescope (TMT)...
  21. Kai G

    I Optimizing Venturi Effect in Hyperboloid Tower Construction

    What are the ideal dimensions of a hyperboloid tower that would maximize the venturi effect started by thermal updraft from human body heat (assuming previous physical activity on a hot day)? Given a 40ft base, how large should the skirt be and how high off the ground? A vertically symmetrical...
  22. H

    MHB Law of Sines in Polygon Construction - Goals & Benefits

    In the link: https://www.maa.org/external_archive/joma/Volume7/Aktumen/Polygon.html Why the law of sines is permitted here? What are the goals of the author to use it?
  23. L

    A Constructing Bondi Coordinates on General Spacetimes

    I'm trying to understand the BMS formalism in General Relativity and I'm in doubt with the so-called Bondi Coordinates. In the paper Lectures on the Infrared Structure of Gravity and Gauge Theories Andrew Strominger points out in section 5.1 the following: In the previous sections, flat...
  24. D

    I Atom Construction: Electrons & Protons

    Am I right to say that an electron in the lowest level of an atom cannot fall into the nucleus because to do so requires it to give up energy in the process and it . does not possesses the energy at this atomic level.Electrons in higher levels can give up energy and fall to a lower level if...
  25. J

    Is it possible to pour concrete in a vacuum?

    One idea for a moon base would be reinforced concrete domes, but is pouring concrete in a total vacuum even possible? Wouldn't the water just evaporate, or is there another material we could use instead of water? Are the ingredients of concrete plentiful on the moon, or could we synthesize them...
  26. P

    I Orthogonal matrix construction

    Given a real-valued matrix ## \bar{B}_2=\begin{bmatrix} \bar{B}_{21}\\ \bar{B}_{22} \end{bmatrix}\in{R^{p \times m}} ##, I am looking for an orthogonal transformation matrix i.e., ##T^{-1}=T^T\in{R^{p \times p}}## that satisfies: $$ \begin{bmatrix} T_{11}^T & T_{21}^T\\ T_{12}^T...
  27. SemM

    A Can wavepackets be used to solve ODEs in Hilbert spaces?

    Hi, it was suggested previously on PF by others that a way to solve a ODE where the domain of the operator in Hilbert space allowed a real solution, is through the construction of wavepackets. The conditions for real solutions are according to Kreyszig's Functional Analysis that E, in the...
  28. G

    Construction of metric from tensor products of vectors

    1. The metric ##g_{\mu \nu}## of spacetime shall be constructed from tensor products of vectors (relevant are the unit vectors in the respective directions). One such vector shall be called ##A##. Homework Equations ##g_{\mu \nu} = \lambda \frac{A_\mu A_\nu}{g^{\alpha \beta} A_\alpha A_\beta}...
  29. Y

    Automotive Construction of CVT Metal push belt

    I am trying to understand the construction of CVT Metal belts that are made up of steel elements and some rings. I do not understand the full construction details of the belt. The most detailed information I have got ever is in this PDF on page 5...
  30. F

    Construction of tall buildings

    What is cheaper, the construction cost of 30 separate houses at ground level vs that of a 30 storied building, with one house per floor and exactly same layout ? Also, how about 10 or 20 instead of 30 ? Does it linearly scale ?
  31. Math Amateur

    Foundations Construction of the Number Systems ... Natural, Integers, etc

    At present I am trying to understand the construction of the number systems ... natural, integers, rationals and reals ... What do members of PFs think is the clearest, most detailed, most rigorous and best treatment of number systems in a textbook or in online notes ... ? NOTE: I am currently...
  32. Math Amateur

    MHB Construction of the Number Systems .... Natural, Integers, Rationals and Reals

    At present I am trying to understand the construction of the number systems ... natural, integers, rationals and reals ... What do members of MHBs think is the clearest, most detailed, most rigorous and best treatment of number systems in a textbook or in online notes ... ? NOTE: I am...
  33. D

    A Wulff construction for surface energy dependent on depth

    Hello, Using surface energy dependence on surface orientation it is possible to predict equilibrium crystal shape by applying Wulff construction. But I faced the problem when the surface energy depends not only on the surface orientation but also on the surface depth or surface termination and...
  34. kyphysics

    Why don't wood construction sites get damaged in the rain?

    They're building new condos across from my parents house right now (adjacent neighborhood). I see this site everyday and it's growing. Right now, they've got a lot of the framework up for the condos and it's all wood (as far as I can tell). It's also raining a lot here. Question - why...
  35. MickeyBlue

    McCabe-Thiele Construction and Reflux

    How does one depict R= 1 × 10-6 , and subsequently a y-intercept of y = 6 × 10-6 on a y-x diagram? I'm new to the concept and very confused. From my understanding, this means that the reflux is essentially 0. It's also assumed that the distillate is purely vapour, so XD = 0 as there is no...
  36. Sanchayan Ghosh

    The principle and mathematics behind Klein's construction?

    Hello, I tried looking this up a lot and just could not find it. For four bar linkage, Klein's construction is used to find velocity and acceleration of piston and connecting rod. Here is a link for the procedure of the same...
  37. Clara Chung

    Question about solar cell construction

    Why must we place the anti-reflection glass on top of the n type semiconductor? ( Why must the sun light incident on the n type semiconductor? )
  38. RoboNerd

    How are construction lines used in Autodesk?

    Hi everyone. I know that construction lines were used when drafting was done by hand. Now, we do everything on the computer. So, how are they used on the computer? Also, how are guidelines used in autodesk? Were they not used in manual drafting also? How are they used in computer drafting...
  39. C

    Construction of a leyden jar?

    I'm a high school junior and doing a project on ben franklin. specifically I'm making a model of his electric motor which used two Leyden jars to operate. I want to make it a working model but I cannot get the leyden jars work. can anyone explain to me how to construct a historically accurate...
  40. M

    MHB From a sketch to the compass ; Geometric construction

    This is a rough sketch, (Happy) Now apart from constructing the triangle can you help me to located the point D & Obtain the location of point E on side AB such that ACDE is a trapezium ,only using an straight edge and a compass. (Crying)
  41. M

    MHB Show that angle AXC=angle ACB; geometric construction

    Looks like this question is going to make a long thread. :) This is what the problem states Using the pair of compass and a straight edge, Then, After That, Thereafter, Thereafter, The question states to mark the point where the tangent and AD produced as 'X'.Now can you help me...
  42. J

    A Can Protons Interact with Double Slit Construction?

    How are the double slits constructed? If you use electrons or photons then they should interact with that material or what?
  43. nomadreid

    I Tensor product and ultraproduct construction

    I do not know if this is the proper rubric to ask this question, but I picked the one that seemed the most relevant. I have noticed some superficial resemblance between the tensor product and the ultraproduct definitions. Does this resemblance go any further? While I am on the subject of...
  44. Albert1

    MHB Diagram: Construct Circle w/ 9 Equal Parts

    divide a circle into 9 parts with equal area
  45. S

    Construction of a pentagon using only the grid system

    I have found a way to construct a pentagon using only the grid system. The internal angles are all within 99% accuracy and all the angles to the 3rd decimal add up exactly to 540 degrees. This is without the use of a compass and bearing in mind that the internal lines intersect at the ration of...
  46. kubaanglin

    B Exploring Nuclear Fusion: IEC Fusion Reactor Construction and Operation

    << Disclaimer by PF -- You may need to get government permits to operate a reactor that produces neutrons and radiation, and this could potentially be a dangerous project >> Hello, I recently finished building a functioning IEC fusion reactor and posted a video of its construction and...
  47. vinicius0197

    Project and Construction of Arduino controlled model rocket

    Hey folks. I've done a little bit of research into model rocketry and I'm stuck with the idea of designing and projecting a rocket to put into practice all the engineering I'm learning in college - I'm into MechE. I want to start simple, doing a few tests and learning the basics - types of...
  48. berkeman

    Does this gate construction look okay to you?

    I was helping with a disaster preparedness presentation at a local elementary school last night, and noticed this fence gate in front of the school. I'm not an ME, but it looks to me to have a small problem...?
  49. Euler2718

    I Power series Construction Help

    Very basic issue here. Using: \frac{1}{1-x} = \sum_{i=0}^{\infty} x^{i} , |x|<0 Find the power series representation and interval of convergence for: f(x) = \frac{1}{(1-3x)^{2}} We have that: \frac{d}{dx}\left[\frac{1}{1-x}\right] = \frac{1}{(1-x)^{2}} = \sum_{i=0}^{\infty} ix^{i-1} ...
  50. F

    Revolutionizing AND and OR Gates: Constructing Logic Gates with Light

    So, this is the old way in how AND and OR gates are constructed based on transistors, I want a revolutionary way that AND and OR gates can be constructed based on light without anything software like if and else statements. Thanks fellow engineers
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